中东和北非碳捕捉碳封存(英)

Current Status of CCUS in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

Key Findings:

• Market Overview:

  • Operating Developments: North America has 16 facilities capturing 278 Mtpa of carbon dioxide, while China has 33 facilities with 6 Mtpa. Europe and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have 33 and 31 facilities respectively, capturing 5-38 Mtpa and 1-4 Mtpa.
  • Total Capacity: The total global capture capacity stands at 1,062 Mtpa.

• Drivers of CCS Momentum:

  • Blue Hydrogen Projects: Increasing interest in blue hydrogen production.
  • Net Zero Commitments: Countries and companies are committing to net zero goals.
  • Strategic Partnerships: Emerging business partnerships.
  • Policy Support: Strengthening policies and regulations supporting CCS.

• CCUS Ecosystem:

  • Players: Emitters, capture technology providers, transport/storage providers, project developers, financiers, carbon accountants, geoscientists, engineering firms, lobbyists, lawyers, and permit expediters.
  • Full Supply Chain Development: Required for comprehensive CCUS projects.

• Regional Potential:

  • High Potential: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar.
  • Medium Potential: Oman, Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Kazakhstan, South Africa.
  • Low Potential: Kuwait, Algeria, Iran, Turkey, Morocco.

• GCC States:

  • Operational Facilities: 3 facilities in the GCC, capturing 3.7 Mtpa of carbon dioxide, equivalent to 10% of global capture capacity.
  • Expansion Plans: Ras Laffan and Al Reyadah facilities in Qatar are developing expansion plans.
  • NDCs: Countries like Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE include CCS in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

• Drivers for CCUS in the Region:

  • High CO2 Emissions: Per capita emissions are high.
  • Economic and Industrial Development: Expected increase in emissions due to economic and industrial growth.
  • Zero Emission Goals: Countries aim for zero emissions and targets for emission reductions.
  • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): Interest in using CO2 for EOR.
  • Natural Gas Availability: Abundant natural gas resources.
  • Industrialization Plans: Plans for industrial development.
  • Blue Hydrogen Potential: Growing interest in blue hydrogen.
  • Circular Carbon Economy: Potential for a circular carbon economy.
  • High Energy Demand: High energy demand in power, desalination, domestic, and industrial sectors.
  • Fossil Fuels: Fossil fuels remain the primary energy source.

• Clean Energy and CCUS Gaining Traction:

  • GCC vs. West: CCUS in the GCC varies significantly from Western regions.
  • GCC Drivers: Hydrogen production, industrial capture and use, CO2 for EOR, terrain suitability, storage potential, tax incentives, energy pricing, and societal acceptance.

• Operational CCUS Projects:

  • UAE:
    • Al Reyadah/Emirates Steel: Operational, capturing 0.8 Mtpa of CO2.
    • Aramco’s Uthmaniyah CO2 EOR Project: Operational, capturing 0.8 Mtpa of CO2.
    • SABIC Carbon Capture & Utilisation Project: Operational, capturing 0.5 Mtpa of CO2.
  • Qatar:
    • Qatar Gas: Operational, capturing 1.18 Mtpa of CO2.

• Commercial Models:

  • Possible Models: Various models are being explored in the GCC.

Conclusion

The CCUS market in the MENA region shows significant potential, driven by various factors such as high CO2 emissions, economic development, and government commitments. Operational projects are already in place, particularly in the UAE and Qatar, while other countries are planning expansions and new initiatives. The GCC region is emerging as a key player in CCUS, with diverse drivers and varying models for commercial success.