缩小健康差距：基于地点的有效变革指南（英）

Closing Health Gaps through Collaborative Action

Foreword and Introduction

• Objective: To address health inequities and improve overall health outcomes.
• Statistics:
  • Global life expectancy rose from 46.5 years in 1950 to 71.7 years in 2022.
  • Significant disparities exist within and between countries.
  • Example: Nigeria’s life expectancy is 30 years lower than Japan’s.
  • In Boston, life expectancy varies by nearly 25 years between neighboring neighborhoods.

Executive Summary

• Health Disparities: Despite increased life expectancy, significant differences in health outcomes exist.
• Health Equity: The pursuit of eliminating these disparities to provide fair opportunities for health and well-being.
• Root Causes: Systemic racism, biases, structural flaws in health systems, and inequities in non-medical drivers of health.
• Place-Based Change: Collaborative, community-led, and long-term efforts in a specific geographic location.
• Key Principles:
  • Community Ownership and Empowerment: Local organizations and individuals design, implement, and maintain strategies.
  • Purposeful and Lasting Partnerships: Diverse collaborations across sectors.
  • Rigorous Analytical Approach: Utilize local and reliable data to identify key factors.
  • Sustainable Operating Model: Strong operational backbone for lasting transformation.

Understanding Place-Based Change

• Importance of Place: Unique social, economic, and environmental factors influencing health.
• Non-Medical Drivers: Employment, healthy food, climate, etc.
• Root Causes: Systemic racism, biases, structural flaws in health systems, and inequities in drivers of health.
• Community: Group of people sharing common interests, concerns, or identities in a physical location.
• Place-Based Approaches: Collaborative, community-led, and long-term efforts to build healthy, thriving communities.

Key Principles for Effective Place-Based Change

1. Community Ownership and Empowerment

   • Local organizations and individuals lead the design, implementation, and maintenance of strategies.
   • Supported by a network of engaged collaborators.

2. Purposeful and Lasting Partnerships

   • Collaboration across public and private sectors, academia, and civil society.
   • Leveraging diverse expertise, perspectives, and networks.

3. Rigorous Analytical Approach

   • Use of local and reliable data to identify critical factors.
   • Focused on maximizing health and closing outcome gaps.

4. Sustainable Operating and Governance Model

   • Strong operational backbone for positive and lasting transformation.
   • Integrated approach across healthcare, social, economic, and environmental realms.

Conclusion

• Collective Responsibility: Recognizing the impact of place on health outcomes.
• Role of Organizations: Helping employees achieve optimal health, advancing healthy products and services, and leveraging ecosystem power.
• Potential: Creating healthier and more resilient communities through place-based approaches.

By embracing these principles, organizations can effectively address health disparities and promote equitable health outcomes.