2024小心人工智能的鸿沟：塑造未来工作的全球视角报告

Mind the AI Divide: Shaping a Global Perspective on the Future of Work

Introduction

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the promise of transformative changes in society, economy, and the workplace. However, uneven rates of AI investment and adoption risk exacerbating existing disparities in income and quality of life, leading to a pronounced "AI divide." High-income nations are benefiting disproportionately from AI advancements, while low- and medium-income countries, particularly in Africa, are lagging behind. Concerted action is needed to foster international cooperation and address this divide, ensuring that AI serves as a catalyst for widespread social and economic progress.

Uneven Ground: Understanding AI’s Role in Reshaping Labour Markets

Research indicates that while AI is likely to have significant transformative effects on some occupations, the potential for job losses is less than often portrayed in the media. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), clerical support workers are the most exposed occupational group, with 24% of tasks highly exposed to automation and another 58% moderately exposed. Other occupations have much lower automation potential, with only 1-4% of tasks highly exposed and no more than 25% moderately exposed. Partial automation can lead to efficiency gains, enabling humans to focus on other areas of work. Task automation does not necessarily imply job loss; instead, it can complement or augment human labor. The ILO's analysis uses occupational exposure scores and applies them to employment data from over 140 countries to assess potential employment impacts globally.

The AI Value Chain and the Demand for Skills

The AI value chain demands a range of skills, from technical expertise to soft skills like problem-solving and creativity. Developing countries, which currently lack digital infrastructure, may be temporarily buffered from the full impact of AI. However, this buffer could turn into a bottleneck for productivity growth and future prosperity. To ensure inclusive growth, proactive measures are needed to empower AI development in disadvantaged countries, focusing on building digital infrastructure, promoting technology transfer, and developing AI skills. Social dialogue is crucial for integrating AI positively into the workplace, ensuring that technology complements rather than replaces human labor.

Moving Forward: Strengthening International Cooperation, Building National Capacity, and Addressing AI in the World of Work

To bridge the AI divide, international collaboration is essential. Developed countries should support capacity-building efforts in resource-scarce countries through knowledge sharing, skill development, technology transfer, and collaborative research and development. This approach helps countries in the Global South harness AI for sustainable development while respecting their sovereignty and promoting local innovation ecosystems. By prioritizing global collaboration, the international community can foster a more equitable and resilient global AI ecosystem, unlocking opportunities for shared prosperity and human advancement.

Conclusion

Ensuring that AI benefits all segments of society requires proactive strategies, including enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting technology transfer, building AI skills, and fostering social dialogue. International cooperation is key to creating a more equitable and resilient AI ecosystem, enabling shared prosperity and human advancement worldwide.