Energy Sector Review: Kazakhstan 2022
Executive Summary
- Overview: The International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts in-depth reviews of energy policies to enhance reliability, affordability, and sustainability. Kazakhstan is part of the EU4Energy programme, focusing on sustainable energy policies and regional cooperation.
- Progress: Since the 2015 review, Kazakhstan has made strides in energy statistics and renewable energy development. The government aims to increase the role of renewables in electricity supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Challenges: Dependence on coal and lack of flexible generating capacity pose challenges. Low domestic energy prices have hindered efficiency and gas exploration efforts.
- Recommendations: The review aims to guide Kazakhstan's energy sector reforms and help achieve energy policy goals, including transitioning to secure, affordable, and less polluting energy.
General Energy Policy
- Overview: Kazakhstan's energy policy covers supply and demand, governance, key policy documents, and statistics.
- Energy Supply and Demand: The country relies heavily on oil and natural gas, with significant reserves and production. Coal plays a lesser role, though there are plans to increase its use.
- Energy Sector Governance: The government is working to improve governance and transparency in the energy sector.
- Key Policy Documents and Legislation: Various documents and laws govern the energy sector, including those related to licensing and investment.
- Energy Statistics: Data shows progress in energy statistics and renewable energy development.
Energy Security
- Oil and Natural Gas: Reserves are substantial, with high production levels. Licensing and investment conditions are favorable, but trade and domestic operations face challenges.
- Coal: Supply and demand dynamics are outlined, with plans to increase coal usage.
- Recommendations: The review suggests strategies to enhance energy security and address challenges in the oil, natural gas, and coal sectors.
Energy, Environment, and Climate Change
- Energy Efficiency: Efforts to improve energy efficiency are highlighted.
- Environmental Issues: Environmental concerns, particularly related to coal, are discussed.
This review aims to provide guidance for Kazakhstan's energy sector reforms and support its energy policy goals.
