联合国 75 ： 重新思考多边主义

CIDOB REPORT #06: "RETHINKING MULTILATERALISM" - UN @ 75

This report analyzes the current challenges faced by the United Nations (UN) and suggests pathways for strengthening multilateralism and global cooperation. It is structured into two parts: the first part addresses the UN's response to contemporary challenges, while the second part proposes analyses and recommendations for the future.

Key points covered:

1. Global Risks and Multilateralism:

   • UN Secretary-General António Guterres identified five global risks, including strained relations between major powers, weakening social contracts, rising nationalism, climate change, and technological divides.
   • These issues highlight the necessity of multilateralism in addressing global challenges.

2. Development Agenda and SDGs:

   • The UN's development agenda, aligned with the 2030 Agenda and SDGs, aims to 'leave no one behind'.
   • The expectations for change are high, yet progress is hindered by member states' resistance.

3. Peacekeeping and Sustaining Peace:

   • Pol Bargués discusses the evolution of UN peacekeeping towards sustaining peace, emphasizing the need for better coordination, reactivity, and focus on conflict prevention.

4. Countering Terrorism:

   • Moussa Bourekba explores the UN's shift towards a preventive approach to terrorism, combining hard-security measures with non-coercive strategies targeting radicalization.

5. Digital Transformation and UN Adaptation:

   • Carme Colomina addresses the challenges posed by digital transformation, focusing on new vulnerabilities, digital divides, and media landscapes.

6. EU-UN Cooperation:

   • Héctor Sánchez Margalef highlights the critique and constraints affecting both the EU and the UN, urging acceleration of reforms for coherent strategies.

7. Reformed UN Proposals:

   • Emmanuel Comte critiques strict migration controls and proposes a new global migration regime based on a liberal theory of justice.
   • Hannah Abdullah emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity, proposing renewed investment in UN programs for peace and sustainable development.
   • Eva Garcia-Chueca advocates for local governments' increased role in international governance.
   • Eduard Soler discusses the threat of unilateral impulses to the global rules-based order and the potential of regional cooperation to save multilateralism.
   • Marie Vandendriessche draws parallels between climate and COVID-19 crises, highlighting the need for collective action in addressing environmental challenges.

This report serves as an in-depth exploration of the UN's challenges and potential solutions, offering insights into the complexities of global governance and the imperative for adaptation in the face of evolving global dynamics.