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PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized WesternBalkansUrbanMobilityInitiative SummaryReport April2024 WesternBalkansUrbanMobilityInitiative SummaryReport April2024 ©2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW WashingtonDC20433 Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org ThisworkisaproductofthestaffoftheInternationalFinanceCooperation(IFC)andtheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofIFCandtheWorldBankorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. TheIFCandtheWorldBankdonotguaranteetheaccuracy,completeness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omissions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartoftheIFCandtheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries. RightsandPermissions Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecausetheIFCandtheWorldBankencouragedisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornon-commercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven. Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;email:pubrights@worldbank.org. 3 Acknowledgments ThisreportwaspreparedbytheInternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC)andtheWorldBankfortheUrbanMobilityInitiativeoftheWesternBalkans(WBUMI)region.TheobjectiveoftheUrbanMobilityInitiativeistodrawonglobalexpertisetoassesstheprogressonurbanmobilityacrosstheregionandtounlockpotentialopportunitiestodeliversustainableandresilientgrowth. TheUrbanMobilityInitiativewasledbyOlenaChernyshova(TransportSpecialist,IFC)andWenyuJia(SeniorUrbanTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),incollaborationoftheIFC-WorldBankteam,includingRamonMunoz-Raskin(LeadTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),MadalinaPruna(InvestmentOfficer,IFC),JuliaSeguraDiazandMartaGerstner(TransportAnalysts,WorldBank),AlexSchauer(OperationalAnalyst,IFC),MohammadIrfaanNahoor(OperationsAnalyst,IFC),andLiraBajraktari(SeniorPortfolioAssistant,IFC).ParticularappreciationisextendedtoCamilaRodriguezHernandez(RegionalManager,UpstreamandAdvisoryEUR&LAC,IFC),PatrickAlexanderAvato(RegionalUpstreamLeadforEurope,IFC),andShomikRajMehndiratta(TransportPracticeManagersfortheEuropeandCentralAsiaregion,WorldBank)foradvisingandguidingtheteam.MottMacdonaldistheconsultantinconductingtheurbanmobilityassessmentandprovidedanalysisandinputtothisreport.TheMottMacdonaldcoreteamwasledbyMarkFinerandcomprisedOndrejKokes(UrbanTransportPlanner),AdriaanRoestCrollius(InstitutionalExpert),andDickTensen(FinancialExpert). Thisreportwasco-fundedbytheSECOSustainableCitiesandtheIFCEuropeandCentralAsia(ECA)SustainableCities(PlatformII).TheECASustainableCities(PlatformII)ismanagedbyIFCandsupportedbytheSwissStateSecretariatforEconomicAffairs(SECO)andtheAustrianMinistryofFinance(BMF). Thesupport,information,andinsightsfromlocalfocalpointsandcityandnationalstakeholdersaregratefullyacknowledged.WethanktheofficialsfromthecitiesofBanjaLuka,Belgrade,Durres,Nis,NoviSad,Podgorica,Pristina,Sarajevo,Skopje,andTiranafortheirleadershipandcooperationincollatingvaluableinformationrelatedtourbanmobilitywithintheirrespectivecities.TheauthorswouldliketothankGeorgesDarido(LeadTransportSpecialist,WorldBank)andWinnieWang(SeniorTransportSpecialist,WorldBank)andDanielPulido(SeniorInvestmentOfficer,IFC)fortheirvaluablecommentsandsuggestions.Finally,wethankallpartiesinvolvedfortheirconstructivecontributionstotheprocess. 4 Contents Acknowledgments4 ExecutiveSummary7 1.Introduction10 Studyobjectives10 StrategicimportanceofurbanmobilityintheWesternBalkans12 2.Institutionalarrangementandregulatoryframework14 Citygovernance14 Urbanmobilityorganizationandmanagement14 Keypolicydocuments16 3.Urbanmobilityfinance18 Municipalfinancing18 Spendingonurbantransport18 Public-privatepartnerships19 Summaryofurbanmobilityfinance19 4.Characterizationofmodes,infrastructure,andservices20 Modechoice20 Motorizationtrend21 Urbanroadsandsafety22 Publictransport23 Activemobility25 Parkingmanagement26 Intelligenttransportsystems26 Urbanfreightlogistics27 E-mobility27 SharedmobilityandMobilityasaService(MaaS)28 Summaryofurbanmobilitycharacterization29 5.Investmentpriorityareas30 Investmentareasinformedbyexistingplans30 Summaryofpriorityinvestmentareas30 6.Thewayforward:enablinginvestmentinurbanmobility34 Developingrobustmunicipalfinancing34 Leveragingtheefficiencyofprivatesectorthroughpublic-privatepartnerships34 Creatingpublictransportconcessions36 Focusingoncapacitybuilding37 Preparingimplementationplansandprojectdevelopment38 Annexes Annex1:Cityprofiles40 Annex2:Benchmarkingvaluesandyearofdata50 Annex3:Illust