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西巴尔干城市流动倡议总结报告（英）2024

金融2024-07-02世界银行徐***

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Western Balkans Urban Mobility Initiative. Summary Report

Executive Summary

The Western Balkans Urban Mobility Initiative aims to evaluate the state of urban mobility across the region and identify potential opportunities for sustainable and resilient growth. This report synthesizes insights from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the World Bank, working in collaboration with regional partners, consultants, and local stakeholders.

1. Introduction

Study Objectives: The primary objective is to assess the current landscape of urban mobility in the Western Balkans and recommend strategic interventions for improvement. This includes understanding the institutional setup, regulatory frameworks, financial mechanisms, and operational aspects of urban transport systems.

Strategic Importance: Urban mobility plays a pivotal role in economic development, environmental sustainability, and social equity in the Western Balkans. Enhancing mobility systems can lead to improved quality of life, reduced congestion, and lower emissions.

2. Institutional Arrangement and Regulatory Framework

City Governance: Local governments are responsible for managing urban mobility, often collaborating with national authorities and regional bodies to ensure cohesive planning and implementation.

Urban Mobility Organization and Management: Most cities have established transport agencies or departments dedicated to urban mobility planning and operations.

Key Policy Documents: National and local policies guide urban mobility strategies, focusing on sustainable transport, public transport improvements, and multimodal integration.

3. Urban Mobility Finance

Municipal Financing: Cities rely on a mix of revenue sources including taxes, user fees, and grants for funding urban mobility projects.

Spending on Urban Transport: Significant investments are made in infrastructure, operations, and maintenance, reflecting the growing demand for efficient transport solutions.

Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborations between the public sector and private investors facilitate the financing and delivery of large-scale mobility projects.

Summary of Urban Mobility Finance: Adequate funding is crucial for sustaining urban mobility initiatives, necessitating innovative financing mechanisms and public-private collaboration.

4. Characterization of Modes, Infrastructure, and Services

Mode Choice: A diverse range of transportation modes is present, including private vehicles, public transport, active mobility options, and freight logistics.

Motorization Trend: Rapid vehicle ownership and usage patterns are observed, impacting road safety and urban space utilization.

Urban Roads and Safety: Road networks are expanding but face challenges in managing increased traffic volumes while ensuring safety.

Public Transport: Services vary significantly across cities, with varying degrees of reliability, frequency, and accessibility.

Active Mobility: Pedestrian and cycling infrastructure is developing, albeit at varying speeds across regions.

Parking Management: Efficient parking systems are crucial for reducing congestion and improving traffic flow.

Intelligent Transport Systems: Limited adoption of advanced technology for optimizing traffic flow and enhancing passenger experience.

Urban Freight Logistics: Challenges include last-mile delivery inefficiencies and the integration of freight with passenger transport.

E-Mobility: Growing interest and investments in electric vehicles and charging infrastructure.

Shared Mobility and Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Emerging trends aimed at reducing individual car ownership and promoting sustainable travel choices.

Summary of Urban Mobility Characterization: The Western Balkans exhibit a complex tapestry of urban mobility systems, characterized by both opportunities and challenges.

5. Investment Priority Areas

Investment Areas Informed by Existing Plans: Priorities are shaped by ongoing urban development plans, emphasizing areas such as public transport modernization, road safety improvements, and sustainable transport infrastructure.

Summary of Priority Investment Areas: Key focus areas include enhancing public transport, promoting active mobility, integrating intelligent transport systems, and fostering sustainable urban freight logistics.

PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized WesternBalkansUrbanMobilityInitiative SummaryReport April2024 WesternBalkansUrbanMobilityInitiative SummaryReport April2024 ©2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW WashingtonDC20433 Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org ThisworkisaproductofthestaffoftheInternationalFinanceCooperation(IFC)andtheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofIFCandtheWorldBankorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. TheIFCandtheWorldBankdonotguaranteetheaccuracy,completeness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omissions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartoftheIFCandtheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries. RightsandPermissions Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecausetheIFCandtheWorldBankencouragedisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornon-commercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven. Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;email:pubrights@worldbank.org. 3 Acknowledgments ThisreportwaspreparedbytheInternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC)andtheWorldBankfortheUrbanMobilityInitiativeoftheWesternBalkans(WBUMI)region.TheobjectiveoftheUrbanMobilityInitiativeistodrawonglobalexpertisetoassesstheprogressonurbanmobilityacrosstheregionandtounlockpotentialopportunitiestodeliversustainableandresilientgrowth. TheUrbanMobilityInitiativewasledbyOlenaChernyshova(TransportSpecialist,IFC)andWenyuJia(SeniorUrbanTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),incollaborationoftheIFC-WorldBankteam,includingRamonMunoz-Raskin(LeadTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),MadalinaPruna(InvestmentOfficer,IFC),JuliaSeguraDiazandMartaGerstner(TransportAnalysts,WorldBank),AlexSchauer(OperationalAnalyst,IFC),MohammadIrfaanNahoor(OperationsAnalyst,IFC),andLiraBajraktari(SeniorPortfolioAssistant,IFC).ParticularappreciationisextendedtoCamilaRodriguezHernandez(RegionalManager,UpstreamandAdvisoryEUR&LAC,IFC),PatrickAlexanderAvato(RegionalUpstreamLeadforEurope,IFC),andShomikRajMehndiratta(TransportPracticeManagersfortheEuropeandCentralAsiaregion,WorldBank)foradvisingandguidingtheteam.MottMacdonaldistheconsultantinconductingtheurbanmobilityassessmentandprovidedanalysisandinputtothisreport.TheMottMacdonaldcoreteamwasledbyMarkFinerandcomprisedOndrejKokes(UrbanTransportPlanner),AdriaanRoestCrollius(InstitutionalExpert),andDickTensen(FinancialExpert). Thisreportwasco-fundedbytheSECOSustainableCitiesandtheIFCEuropeandCentralAsia(ECA)SustainableCities(PlatformII).TheECASustainableCities(PlatformII)ismanagedbyIFCandsupportedbytheSwissStateSecretariatforEconomicAffairs(SECO)andtheAustrianMinistryofFinance(BMF). Thesupport,information,andinsightsfromlocalfocalpointsandcityandnationalstakeholdersaregratefullyacknowledged.WethanktheofficialsfromthecitiesofBanjaLuka,Belgrade,Durres,Nis,NoviSad,Podgorica,Pristina,Sarajevo,Skopje,andTiranafortheirleadershipandcooperationincollatingvaluableinformationrelatedtourbanmobilitywithintheirrespectivecities.TheauthorswouldliketothankGeorgesDarido(LeadTransportSpecialist,WorldBank)andWinnieWang(SeniorTransportSpecialist,WorldBank)andDanielPulido(SeniorInvestmentOfficer,IFC)fortheirvaluablecommentsandsuggestions.Finally,wethankallpartiesinvolvedfortheirconstructivecontributionstotheprocess. 4 Contents Acknowledgments4 ExecutiveSummary7 1.Introduction10 Studyobjectives10 StrategicimportanceofurbanmobilityintheWesternBalkans12 2.Institutionalarrangementandregulatoryframework14 Citygovernance14 Urbanmobilityorganizationandmanagement14 Keypolicydocuments16 3.Urbanmobilityfinance18 Municipalfinancing18 Spendingonurbantransport18 Public-privatepartnerships19 Summaryofurbanmobilityfinance19 4.Characterizationofmodes,infrastructure,andservices20 Modechoice20 Motorizationtrend21 Urbanroadsandsafety22 Publictransport23 Activemobility25 Parkingmanagement26 Intelligenttransportsystems26 Urbanfreightlogistics27 E-mobility27 SharedmobilityandMobilityasaService(MaaS)28 Summaryofurbanmobilitycharacterization29 5.Investmentpriorityareas30 Investmentareasinformedbyexistingplans30 Summaryofpriorityinvestmentareas30 6.Thewayforward:enablinginvestmentinurbanmobility34 Developingrobustmunicipalfinancing34 Leveragingtheefficiencyofprivatesectorthroughpublic-privatepartnerships34 Creatingpublictransportconcessions36 Focusingoncapacitybuilding37 Preparingimplementationplansandprojectdevelopment38 Annexes Annex1:Cityprofiles40 Annex2:Benchmarkingvaluesandyearofdata50 Annex3:Illust

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