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气候智慧城市规划法

公用事业2024-06-22-联合国艳***

AI智能总结

Urban planning law plays a crucial role in promoting climate-smart cities and addressing climate change. This document provides a comprehensive guide to integrating climate considerations into urban planning through legislative frameworks, governance structures, planning processes, and economic instruments. The key points can be summarized as follows:

1. Legal Framework and Climate Change

Global Context: Cities contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions but are also highly vulnerable to climate impacts.
Policy and Action: The Paris Agreement and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) highlight the need for increased ambition in climate action, especially in urban settings.

2. Governance and Participation

Multi-Level Coordination: Requires collaboration between national, sub-national, and local governments.
Participatory Governance: Encourages community involvement in decision-making processes.
Data Collection: Essential for understanding urban vulnerabilities and implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies.

3. Planning for Adaptation

Risk Assessment: Identifies climate risks and vulnerabilities in urban areas and infrastructure.
Adaptation Strategies: Focuses on implementing options that enhance resilience to climate change.
Special Considerations: Addresses adaptation needs in slums and vulnerable settlements.
Relocation and Tenure Security: Ensures planned relocations are sustainable and secure.
Integration into Development Approvals: Incorporates climate adaptation strategies into development approval processes.

4. Planning for Mitigation

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Reducing emissions through urban plans and green initiatives.
Urban Form: Promoting forms that reduce carbon footprints.
Green Spaces: Enhancing environmental services and climate resilience.
Neighborhood Design: Incorporating energy-saving measures in building designs.

5. Economic and Non-Economic Instruments

Resources for Urban Planning: Provides financial and logistical support for climate-friendly initiatives.
Incentives for Mitigation and Adaptation: Financial and policy mechanisms to encourage sustainable practices.
Mitigating Factors: Identifies and addresses policies that undermine sustainable urban development.

Conclusion

This document serves as a comprehensive toolkit for urban planners and policymakers to integrate climate considerations into their work effectively. By focusing on governance, planning, economic instruments, and participation, it aims to facilitate the transition to climate-smart cities, ensuring that urban areas become more resilient and sustainable in the face of global climate challenges.

LAWANDCLIMATECHANGETOOLKIT https://climatelawtoolkit.org/ UrbanLawModule UrbanPlanningLawforClimateSmartCities UrbanPlanningLawforClimateSmartCities:UrbanLawModuleLAWANDCLIMATECHANGETOOLKIT FirstpublishedinNairobiin2022byUN-Habitat Copyright©UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme,2022 UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme(UN-Habitat) P.O.Box30030,00100NairobiGPO,KenyaTel:254-020-7623120(CentralOffice)www.unhabitat.org HSNumber:HS/018/22E Acknowledgements Coordinators:GianlucaCrispiandRemySietchiping MainAuthors:GianlucaCrispiandRashidAbubakar Contributors:MariaSocorroManguiat(UNEP),BenjaminOjoleck(UNEP),ValentinaRicca,AnneAmin,SamuelNjuguna Peerreviewers:AnnaCharles(UNFCCC),AnnaMariaBezerradeMelloCárcamo(UNFCCC)Editingsupport:VickyQuinlanandSamuelNjuguna LayoutandDesign:JeanRobertGatsinzi Disclaimer ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,city,orarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. Theinformationprovidedinthispublicationdoesnot,andisnotintendedto,constitutelegaladvice;instead,allinformation,contentandmaterialsareforgeneralinformationalpurposesonly.Informationonthispublicationmaynotconstitutethemostup-to-datelegalorotherinformationandnoliabilityisassumedfortheaccuracyoruseofinformationprovided. Readersofthispublicationshouldcontacttheirlegalcounseltoobtainadvicewithrespecttoanylegalmatter.Excerptsmaybereproducedwithoutauthorizationonconditionthatthesourceisindicated. Coverphoto AerialviewoffloodinginPakistan©WaterAlternativesPhotos TableofContents LISTOFTABLESVI LISTOFFIGURESVI FOREWORD1 UNFCCC,ParisAgreement,NDCsandtheRequiredIncreasedAmbition3 TheLawandClimateChangeToolkit:AnIntroduction6 KeyFunctionalities7 GlobalEffectsandRealResults8 INTRODUCTION:THEURBANLAWMODULE9 TheCompanionGuidetotheOnlineVersionoftheToolkit10 1.GOVERNANCEFRAMEWORKFORURBANANDCLIMATEPLANNING13 1.1.Multi-LevelInstitutionalCoordination13 1.2.ParticipatoryGovernance17 1.3.DataCollectionandSharing20 1.4.LocalGovernments’MandateforUrbanPlanninginUrbanAreas21 2.URBANANDTERRITORIALPLANNING27 2.1.NationalTerritorialPlanning28 2.2.Regional(Sub-National)TerritorialPlanning32 2.3.UrbanPlanninginUrbanAreas35 3.URBANPLANNINGANDDESIGNFORADAPTATION42 3.1.ClimateRisksandVulnerabilityforPlannedAreasandInfrastructure45 3.2.IdentificationandPrioritizationofAdaptationOptions50 3.3.ImplementationoftheIdentifiedAdaptationOptions55 3.4.AdaptationofSlumsandVulnerableSettlements61 3.5.PlannedRelocations65 3.6.SecurityofTenure68 3.7.ImplementationofClimateAdaptationStrategiesThroughDevelopmentApproval74 ivURBANLAWMODULE-LAWANDCLIMATECHANGETOOLKIT 4.URBANPLANNINGANDDESIGNFORMITIGATION81 4.1.UrbanPlansandGreenhouseGasEmissions82 4.2.UrbanFormandReductionofGreenhouseGasEmissions85 4.3.GreenSpacesforEnvironmentalandClimateServices93 4.4.NeighbourhoodDesignandEnergySavinginBuildings96 4.5.ImplementationofClimateMitigationStrategiesThroughDevelopmentApproval/Control...................................................... 98 5.ECONOMICANDNON-ECONOMICINSTRUMENTSFORCLIMATEFRIENDLYURBANPLANNING104 5.1.ResourcesforUrbanPlanningandClimateChange106 5.2.IncentivesforMitigationandAdaptioninUrbanPlanning111 5.3.IncentivesthatUndermineSustainableUrbanLandUses113 6.CONCLUSION116 REFERENCES117 URBANPLANNINGLAWFORCLIMATESMARTCITIESv ListofTables TABLE1GovernanceFrameworkforUrbanandClimatePlanning24 TABLE2UrbanandTerritorialPlanning40 TABLE3UrbanPlanningandDesignforAdaptation77 TABLE4UrbanPlanningandDesignforMitigation101 TABLE5EconomicandNon-EconomicInstrumentsforClimateFriendlyUrbanPlanning115 ListofFigures FIGURE1UrbanextentofPittsburghandStockholm,shownatthesamescale86 FIGURE2AMappingAnalysisofPortland’s20-minuteNeighbourhood92 URBANPLANNINGLAWFORCLIMATESMARTCITIESvi Foreword Urbanareasrepresentamajorbattlegroundforclimateaction.Citiesaccountforbetween60and80percentofenergyconsumptionandaccordingtotheSixthAssessmentReport(AR6)bytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),theygenerateasmuchas72percentofhuman-inducedgreenhousegasemissions.Atthesametime,andquiteironically,urbanareasalsostandtobeseverelyaffectedbythenegativeimpactsassociatedwithclimatechange.Citiesarealreadysufferingfromextremeweatherevents,flooding,subsidence,storms,heatwaves,waterscarcity,droughts,andsea-levelriseamongotherclimatechangeeffects.Oneofthehottestyearsonrecord,2021,closedwithTyphoonOddettedamaginganddestroyingnearly2millionhousesinthePhilippines-twiceasmanyasSuperTyphoonHaiyanin2013.Consideringthatover55percentoftheworld’spopulationliveinurbanareasasof2022,andthisshareisprojectedtoincreaseto68percentby2050,citieswillplayadefinitiveroleincombatingclimatechangeandadaptingtoitseffects. DrawingfromtheNewUrbanAgenda,whichsetsoutasharedvisionforcitiesandotherhumansettlementstowardsstrengthenedclimateactionresponsesandanimprovedurbanenvironment,UN-Habitathasidentifiedclimatechangeactionasoneofitsp

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