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2024共享汽车如何在生态系统中发挥其潜力报告（英文版）

交通运输2024-04-25-ADL&movmi&Mobility杨***

AI智能总结

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The report "Sharing in Success" examines car sharing's potential in the broader mobility ecosystem, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and strategies for both regulators and operators.

Benefits & Pitfalls of Car Sharing

Benefits:

Enhanced Mobility System Performance: Car sharing improves overall system connectivity, increases access, and boosts capacity.
Environmental Sustainability: Reduces the number of privately owned cars, contributing to better sustainability.
Convenience: Offers the convenience of private vehicle use for various needs, such as trip chaining and out-of-town travel.

Pitfalls:

Misaligned Regulation: Overly restrictive regulations may limit car sharing's impact, while inadequate coordination can confuse users.
Service Challenges: Issues like maintenance quality, vehicle cleanliness, and station availability can affect user experience.

Implementation Challenges for Cities and Authorities

Regulatory Balance: Striking a balance between controlling service impacts and enabling growth is crucial.
Demand Management: Implementing measures like subsidies, parking charges, and congestion pricing to manage demand effectively.
Infrastructure Integration: Coordinating physical infrastructure, particularly with public transport hubs.
Innovation and Collaboration: Encouraging innovation, standardization, and data sharing among stakeholders.
Synergy with Electric Vehicle Growth: Integrating car sharing with EV charging infrastructure.
Public-Private Partnerships: Utilizing partnerships to enhance system integration and demand management.
Test-and-Learn Approach: Testing regulations to ensure a balanced market with diverse participation.

Strategies for Success for Operators

Customer-Centric Approach: Tailoring schemes to meet specific customer needs.
Data Sharing and Collaboration: Embracing data sharing for mutual benefit.
Continuous Innovation: Seeking opportunities to expand scale and margins through partnerships.
Broad Customer Base: Carefully segmenting and profiling customers for targeted offerings.
System-Wide Perspective: Considering car sharing's role in the overall mobility ecosystem.

Conclusion

Car sharing holds significant potential to contribute positively to mobility systems, alongside other modes of transportation. By addressing challenges through strategic planning and innovation, both regulators and operators can harness car sharing's benefits for sustainable urban mobility. As the shift towards sustainable transport continues and new mobility models integrate more comprehensively, car sharing is poised to deliver substantial benefits to both customers and transport authorities. With the advent of autonomous vehicles and robotaxis, car sharing is expected to evolve further, converging with ride-sharing services.

2024 SHARINGINSUCCESS Howcarsharingcan deliveronitspotentialinanecosystemplay INPARTNERSHIPWITH: CONTENT EXECUTIVESUMMARY3 1.CARSHARING:APOSITIVECONTRIBUTION TOSHAREDMOBILITYSYSTEMS?8 2.STRATEGIESFORSUCCESS12 CONCLUSION22 FRANÇOIS-JOSEPHVANAUDENHOVE ManagingPartner,GlobalPracticeLeader,Travel&Transportation,Brussels MICKAELTAUVEL Partner,HeadofMobilityCompetenceCenter,Paris DANIELCHOW Principal,Singapore FELIXWU Consultant,Singapore SANDRAPHILLIPS SharedMobilityArchitect,CEO,movmi ARNDBÄTZNER Director,MobilityCooperative 2 EXECUTIVESUMMARY Carsharing’soriginsdatebackto1948inSwitzerland,withfastergrowthstartinginthe1970s.Themarkethasexpandedfurtherinthelasttwodecades,drivenbyrestrictionsoncitycenterprivatecaruse,advanceddigitaltechnologies,andshiftingconsumerattitudesaroundcarownership.However,itremainsarelativelysmallmarket,accountingforlessthan5%ofthe US$100billionglobalsharedmobilitymarket. Car-sharingschemeshavefacedanumberofchallenges,bothforoperatorslookingtobuildeconomicallyviable,scalablebusinessesaswellasforauthoritiestaskedwithregulatingthemwithintheoverallmobilitysystem.Lookingahead,carsharinghasakeyroletoplayintheintegratedmobilitysystem,inlargepartdrivenbyincreasingdemandforsustainabilityandconvenience.ThisReportexploresthebenefitsandpitfallsofcarsharinganddescribesstrategiesforsuccessforbothregulatorsandoperators. BENEFITS&PITFALLS Carsharinghasthepotentialtocomeintoitsownasacriticalpartoffuturemobilitysystems,alongsidefixedroutepublictransport(buses,trains,metros),on-demandpublictransport(ridehailing,ridesharing),micromobility(bikesandscooters),anddeliveriesandservices(logistics,couriers).Indeed,aproperlyframedcar-sharingschemeoffersthreemainbenefits.First,itimprovestheoverallperformanceofthemobilitysystembyenhancingconnectivity,increasingaccess,andincreasingsystemcapacity.Second,itcontributestobettersustainabilityandsafetybysignificantlyreducingthenumberofprivatelyownedcars.Third,itofferstheconvenienceofaprivate vehicleforuserspickingupgoods,tripchaining,1ortraveling outoftown. 1Tripchainingisatravelpatterninvolvingmultiplesmall,interconnectedtrips. However,whencarsharingisnotproperlyframedintotheoverallmobilitysystem,therearesomepitfalls.Forexample,free-floatingschemes(thosewithoutfixed parkingstations)mayencourageuserstochoosecarsovermass-transportmodes.Theremayalsobecleanliness/conditionissuesfromimproperlymaintainedvehiclesandsomestationaryvehiclenuisanceissues(althoughlesssothanbikesandscooters). IMPLEMENTATIONCHALLENGES Citiesandtransportauthoritieshavestruggledtoregulatecarsharingfortwomainreasons.First,regulation hasoftenbeenoverlyrestrictive,focusedonlimitingthescheme’simpact,ratherthancollaboratingwithoperatorstomaximizeoverallmobilitysystembenefits. Insomecases(e.g.,Car2GoinToronto),limitationsonareaaccessandparkingledtooperatorsexitingthemarketaltogether.Second,inadequatecoordinationbetweenauthoritiesacrossjurisdictionalboundarieshasoftenledtoinconsistenciesthatconfuseusers. Thekeychallengeforoperatorsisthebusinessmodel.Manystruggledtoachieveprofitabilityduetohighoperatingcosts,poorcoordinationwithcompetitors,narrowfocus(e.g.,premiumnichesorB2Bcustomersrequiringcostlycustomization),unfavorablerevenue-sharingmodelswithmunicipalities,and/orlackofcollaborationwithvehicleOEMs.Finally,inadequateparkingarrangementswithauthoritieshavedepressedcustomeruptake,ashavedelaysinessentialupgradesforoperatorsrelyingentirelyonthirdpartiesfortheirdigitalplatforms. 4 STRATEGIESFORSUCCESS Successinthismarketrequiresevolvingcar-sharingschemesbeyondthetraditionalandOEM-ledmodels.Futureschemesmustintegratebetterwiththebroadershared-mobilitysystemandplaceservicesinlocationswheretheyaddthemostvalue. Werefertothisasthe“ecosystemplayerstage.”Keyfeaturesincludedesigningthesystemaroundsimplifyingmobilityfortheuser,usingcarsharingasacomplementtothepublictransportbackboneinbothcitycentersandoutskirts(includingpossiblyprovidingsubsidiesfortrips thatarelessprofitablebutbenefittheoverallsystem),anddesigningthesystemtosuitasmanyconsumersaspossible(low/middleratherthanpremium). Forcityauthorities,thistranslatesintosevenimperatives: 1.Findtherightbalancebetween“framing”(i.e.,regulationsaimedatexercisingcontroloverserviceandperformancelevels)and“enabling”(i.e.takingactionsthatsettherightconditions,incentives,andgovernancetoencouragedevelopmentofcar-sharingservicesbenefitingthemobilitysystemsasawhole). 2.Regulatetomanagedemand.Thiscouldbedonebysubsidizingparticularcar-sharingroutes,institutingparkingchargeexemptions,and/orcongestioncharging. 3.Integratephysicalinfrastructure.Thiscouldtranspirebycolocatingcar-sharingstationswithtrain,bus,and/ormetrostations. 4.Fosterinnovation,collaboration,andstandardization.Thiscanoccurthroughcollaborationforums;settingminimumrequirementsfordatasharing;establishingsuitableITinfrastructurestandards; andencouragingproductstandardization,systemintegration,andaccessibility. 5.Exploitsynergieswithelectricvehicle(EV)growth.ThisincludesintegratingcarsharingintoEVcharginginfrastructurepr

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