摘要 信息技术的发展伴随着新技术的不断涌现和相互融合。随着信息与通信技术(ICT)向6G演进,ICT进一步与大数据和人工智能技术融合,呈现出ICDT(Information,Communication,BigDataTechnology)融合的特征。ICDT融合的6G系统将成为一个端到端的信息处理与服务系统,是通信网络、感知网络和算力网络融合的移动信息网络。大量新技术已成为6G设计的候选技术,并在理论、仿真和原型等不同层面得到了验证。 本白皮书通过ICDT融合新趋势、ICDT融合的无线空口技术和ICDT融合的网络这三个方面,对6G潜在技术与方案进行了归纳与总结,并从基本概念,技术原理,关键技术与挑战,三方面对各个潜在技术进行了分析,并给出了相应的技术建议。其中,ICDT融合新趋势涵盖了通算融合技术、语义通信技术和AI大模型技术。通算融合技术基于通信与计算的资源融合共生、功能融合共生、服务融合共生等核心技术能力,实现了无线接入网算力化演进和通算智一体服务升级,推动了资源和要素的高效聚集、流动和共享。语义通信技术关注传输符合的含义和重要性,有望突破通信系统性能受香农理论限制的问题。AI大模型作为当前最受关注的科学方向之一,在通信网络中持续提升智能自治网络能力。 ICDT融合的无线空口技术包含了通感一体、空口AI、多址接入、编码调制、超大规模天线 (MIMO)和近场技术。这些方向也是对5G增强的关键方向。新型空口技术对于构建强连接、强算力、强智能、强安全的6G网络至关重要。当前,这些技术已经完成了技术方案与原型方案设计,并正在进行测试工作。在ICDT融合的网络架构方面,服务化网络、内生AI、数字孪生网络、多维度组网和用户为中心网络成为研究重点。新型网络架构有助于推动ICDT深度融合的6G网络向通感算智深度融合、空天地一体全域覆盖的新一代移动信息网络迈进。 ICDT融合的6G技术研究正逐步从单点技术研究走向体系化构建和业界共识。本文倡议加强信息通信领域的跨界融合技术研究与协同,以需求为牵引,加快基础理论、瓶颈技术问题的联合攻关和协同创新。同时,注重跨界融合技术创新向应用与服务的转化,培育应用层的产业生态,孵化新业务、新应用。最后,进一步加强国际合作,各国携手,共同夯实6G基础,推动其全球化发展。 ExecutiveSummary Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyisaccompaniedbythecontinuousemergenceandintegrationofnewtechnologies.Asinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)evolvestowards6G,itfurtherintegrateswithbigdataandartificialintelligencetechnologies,presentingthecharacteristicsofICDT(Information,Communication,BigDataTechnology)integration.TheICDTintegrated6Gsystemwillbecomeanend-to-endinformationprocessingandservicesystem,representinganintelligentnetworkthatcombinescommunicationnetworks,sensingnetworks,andcomputingnetworks.Numerousnewtechnologiesandfunctionalitieshavebecomecandidatesolutionsfor6Gdesign,validatedatvariouslevels,includingtheoretical,simulation,andprototypestages. Thiswhitepaperclassifiesandanalyzespotential6Gtechnologiesandsolutionsthroughthreeaspects:thenewtrendsinICDTintegration,wirelessairinterfacetechnologiesinICDTintegration,andnetworkaspectsofICDTintegration.Itproposescorrespondingtechnicalsystemsuggestions.ThenewtrendsinICDTintegrationencompasscommunicationandcomputationtechnology,semanticcommunicationtechnology,andAIlargemodeltechnology.Communicationandcomputationintegrationtechnologyisbasedoncoretechnicalcapabilitiessuchasthecoexistenceofcommunicationandcomputationresources,functionalintegration,andserviceintegration,enablingtheevolutionofwirelessaccessnetworkcomputingandtheupgradeofgeneralintelligenceservices.Semanticcommunicationtechnologyfocusesonthemeaningandsignificanceoftransmittedinformation,aimingtoovercomethelimitationsimposedbyShannontheoryoncommunicationsystems.AIlargemodels,asoneofthemostprominentscientificdirections,continuouslyenhancetheintelligentautonomouscapabilitiesofcommunicationnetworks. ICDTintegratedwirelessairinterfacetechnologyincludesintegrationofsensingandcommunications,airinterfaceAI,multipleaccessmethods,encodingandmodulation,massivemultiple-inputmultiple-output(MIMO),andnear-fieldtechnology.Thesedirectionsarealsocrucialenhancementsto5G.Novelairinterfacetechnologiesareessentialforconstructinga6Gnetworkwithstrongconnectivity,computingpower,intelligence,andsecurity.Currently,thesetechnologieshavecompletedthedesignoftechnicalandprototypesolutionsandareundergoingtesting.IntermsofthenetworkarchitectureofICDTintegration,service-orientednetworks,nativeAI,digitaltwinnetworks,multidimensionalnetworking,anduser-centricnetworksarekeyresearchdirections.ThenewnetworkarchitecturehelpspropeltheICDTintegrated6Gnetworkstowardsanewgenerationofmobileinformationnetworkswithsensing,computation,andintelligence,providingcomprehensivecoverageacrossair,land,andspace. TheresearchonICDTintegrated6Gtechnologyisgraduallytransitioningfromisolatedtechnicalresearchtowardssystematicconstructionandindustryconsensus.Thisarticleadvocatesforstrengtheninginterdisciplinaryresearchandcollaborationinthefieldofinformationandcommunicationtechnology,drivenbydemand,toacceleratejointtacklingofbasictheoriesandbottlenecktechnicalissuesandfostercollaborativeinnovation.Simultaneously,emphasisshouldbeplacedonthetransformationofinterdisciplinaryinnovationtowardsapplicationandservices,nurturingindustrialecosystemsattheapplicationlayer,andincubatingnewbusinessesandapplications.Finally,furthereffortsshouldbemadetoenhanceinternationalcooperation,with countriesworkingtogethertosolidifythefoundationof6Gandpromoteitsglobaldevelopment. 目录 摘要1 ExecutiveSummary2 1.引言5 2.ICDT融合新趋势7 2.1通算融合7 2.2语义通信12 2.2.1基本概述12 2.2.2关键技术13 2.2.3应用与挑战15 2.3大模型与无线通信17 2.3.1国内外大模型研究现状17 2.3.2AI大模型赋能通信业18 2.3.3智慧内生通信网络20 参考文献20 3.ICDT融合的无线空口22 3.1通感一体22 3.1.1典型应用场景22 3.1.2关键技术与挑战23 3.2空口AI24 3.2.1典型应用场景24 3.2.2关键技术与挑战26 3.3多址接入27 3.3.1典型应用场景27 3.3.2关键技术与挑战29 3.4编码调制32 3.4.1典型应用场景32 3.4.2关键技术与挑战33 3.5超大规模天线35 3.5.1典型应用场景35 3.5.2关键技术与挑战36 3.6近场技术43 3.6.1典型应用场景44 3.6.2关键技术与挑战46 参考文献49 4.ICDT融合的网络53 4.1ICDT融合的网络架构53 4.1.16G网络架构概览53 4.1.2三体四层五面架构53 4.2服务化网络54 4.2.1技术概念54 4.2.2典型应用场景和潜在优势55 4.2.3关键问题与挑战56 4.3内生AI56 4.3.1技术概念56 4.3.2典型应用场景和潜在优势56 4.3.3关键问题与挑战58 4.4数字孪生网络59 4.4.1技术概念59 4.4.2典型应用场景和潜在优势59 4.4.3关键问题与挑战61 4.5多维度组网61 4.5.1技术概念61 4.5.2典型应用场景和潜在优势62 4.5.3关键问题与挑战64 4.6用户为中心网络65 4.6.