2022年世界粮食及农业统计年鉴

ISSN2225-7373 FAO STATISTICS STATISTICALYEARBOOK 2022 WORLDFOODANDAGRICULTURE Requiredcitation: FAO.2022.WorldFoodandAgriculture–StatisticalYearbook2022.Rome.https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2211en ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dashedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximateborderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorrecommendedbyFAOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO. ISBN978-92-5-136930-2 ©FAO,2022 Somerightsreserved.ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Underthetermsofthislicence,thisworkmaybecopied,redistributedandadaptedfornon-commercialpurposes,providedthattheworkisappropriatelycited.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatFAOendorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheFAOlogoisnotpermitted.Iftheworkisadapted,thenitmustbelicensedunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifatranslationofthisworkiscreated,itmustincludethefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththerequiredcitation:“ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).FAOisnotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation.Theoriginal[Language]editionshallbetheauthoritativeedition.” DisputesarisingunderthelicencethatcannotbesettledamicablywillberesolvedbymediationandarbitrationasdescribedinArticle8ofthelicenceexceptasotherwiseprovidedherein.TheapplicablemediationruleswillbethemediationrulesoftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationhttp://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rulesandanyarbitrationwillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL). Third-partymaterials.Userswishingtoreusematerialfromthisworkthatisattributedtoathirdparty,suchastables,figuresorimages,areresponsiblefordeterminingwhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandforobtainingpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Theriskofclaimsresultingfrominfringementofanythird-party-ownedcomponentintheworkrestssolelywiththeuser. Sales,rightsandlicensing.FAOinformationproductsareavailableontheFAOwebsite(www.fao.org/publications)andcanbepurchasedthroughpublications-sales@fao.org.Requestsforcommercialuseshouldbesubmittedvia: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request.Queriesregardingrightsandlicensingshouldbesubmittedto:copyright@fao.org. FAO STATISTICS WORLDFOOD ANDAGRICULTURE STATISTICALYEARBOOK 2022 FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations Rome,2022 CONTENTS Figuresiv Tablesvi Mapsvii Boxesvii Forewordix Acknowledgementsx Howtousethisyearbookxi CHAPTER3.28 3 FOODSECURITY ANDNUTRITION29 Foodsecurity29 Foodsupply31 Nutrition34 CHAPTER1.xiiCHAPTER4.36 1 ECONOMICDIMENSIONS OFAGRICULTURE1 Contributionofagriculture, forestryandfishingtotheeconomy1 Factorsofproduction2 Inputs8 2 CHAPTER2.12 PRODUCTION,TRADEANDPRICES OFCOMMODITIES13 Productionofcropsandderivedproducts13 Productionoflivestockandlivestockcommodities16 Productionofthefisheriesandaquaculturesector18 Productionoftheforestrysector19 Trade22 Prices24 4 SUSTAINABILITYANDENVIRONMENTALASPECTS OFAGRICULTURE37 Landuse37 Farming38 Water39 Soils39 Emissionsandclimatechange41 ANNEXES44 ANNEX1:FAOworkonstatistics45 ANNEX2:Definitionsandnotes46 ANNEX3:Foodandagriculturemaps58 ANNEX4:Datatables74 Endnotes365 FIGURES 1. VALUEADDEDOFAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGBYREGION 1 2. SHAREOFAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGVALUEADDEDINTOTALGDPBYREGION(USD2015PRICES) 1 B1. SHAREOFAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGINFOODEXPENDITURESCOMPAREDTOTHESHAREOFAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGVALUEADDEDINGDP(2015) 2 3. WORLDAGRICULTURALLANDBYUSE 3 4. CROPLANDAREABYREGION 3 5. WORLDAGRICULTURALLANDBYUSEANDMAINCOUNTRIES(2020) 4 6. CROPLANDAREAPERCAPITABYREGION 4 7. AREAEQUIPPEDFORIRRIGATIONBYREGION 4 8. SHAREOFAREAEQUIPPEDFORIRRIGATIONINAGRICULTURALLANDAREABYREGION 4 9. SHAREOFWATERWITHDRAWALBYAGRICULTUREINTOTALWITHDRAWAL,TOPCOUNTRIES(2019) 5 10. EMPLOYMENTINAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGBYREGION 6 11. SHAREOFAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGEMPLOYMENTINTOTALEMPLOYMENTBYREGION 6 12. SHAREOFWOMENINAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGEMPLOYMENT,TOPCOUNTRIES(2021) 7 13. GROSSFIXEDCAPITALFORMATION(AGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHING)ASASHAREOFVALUEADDED,TOPCOUNTRIESBYREGION(2021,USD2015PRICES) 7 14. GOVERNMENTEXPENDITUREONAGRICULTURE,FORESTRYANDFISHINGASASHAREOFTOTALOUTLAYS,TOPCOUNTRIES(2018–2020*) 7 15. PESTICIDEUSEBYREGION 8 16. PESTICIDEUSEPERCROPLANDAREABYREGION 8 17. INORGANICFERTIL