This report explores the challenges facing the expansion of consumer directed services in California, particularly the staffing crisis. The report was funded by the California Program on Access to Care and written at the request of Senator Wesley Chesbro. The authors acknowledge the support of the UC California Policy Research Center and the UC California Program on Access to Care. The report is based on original research conducted by Dion Aroner, Ken Jacobs, and the author, with funding from the California Healthcare Foundation. The authors thank the grant’s advisory board, which included Sue Bell, Hope Enterprises; Jeff Strully, Jay Nolan Community Services; and Don Weideman, California Association of Health Plans.