The report highlights the limitations of traditional safety improvement methods, which focus on carrots and sticks, and emphasizes the importance of understanding irrational behavior in achieving sustained safety improvement. The safety performance plateau is a common challenge faced by organizations, and traditional methods may only provide initial improvements before reaching a plateau that is difficult to escape. Behavioral change required for improvement is notoriously difficult, and cited as the most common obstacle to progress. The report suggests that alternative approaches, which offer reinforcement to established levers for safety improvement, are more effective in achieving significant and longer-term gains.