Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are essential for meeting infrastructure needs worldwide. To create high-performing PPPs, governments must consider specific requirements at different stages of planning, structuring, and implementation. The ecosystem for PPPs includes four main levers: governance, strategy, transaction process, and implementation/monitoring. Private-sector participation approaches vary in the degree of risk assumed, with PPPs involving long-term contractual relationships between the public and private sectors for public-service delivery and investment. Private sector participation can offer financial support, introduce efficiency and innovation, and create long-term value for invested money. The Finnish Digital Cluster PPP ecosystem (DIMECC) is an example of private sector involvement in infrastructure development.
