Japan has a long history of leading innovation in the life sciences sector, but emerging sectors in South Korea and China are quickly catching up. This report by The Economist Intelligence Unit explores the enabling factors creating a supportive environment for innovation in the life sciences sector in Japan, benchmarked against the US, South Korea, and China. The report highlights the importance of human capital, funding of R&D, intellectual property protection, technology transfer and commercialization, and market dynamics and health policy in supporting innovation in the life sciences ecosystem. The report concludes that there are opportunities to improve the Japanese life sciences ecosystem, particularly in terms of increasing funding for R&D and implementing more effective policies to support innovation.