The report highlights the challenges and solutions related to liability in the deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. Liability has long been a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of CCS, but regulatory frameworks have been developed and adopted to address this concern. These frameworks use existing liability provisions in national and regional legislation, as well as innovative approaches to manage risk exposure for operators and regulators. The report assesses the liability provisions in early CCS-specific regulatory frameworks and reveals a wide range of models that actively address various forms of liability throughout the project lifecycle. The development of these frameworks is largely complete, and in some instances, their subsequent review has revealed them to be fit-for-purpose. Overall, the report concludes that adopting a commercial approach to liability can help overcome the barriers to the widespread deployment of CCS.
