Creative Expression: An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rights for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

CreativeExpression AnIntroductiontoCopyrightandRelatedRightsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises IntellectualPropertyforBusinessSeriesNumber4 Publicationsinthe “IntellectualPropertyforBusiness”series: 1.MakingaMark: AnIntroductiontoTrademarksandBrandsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises. WIPOpublicationNo.900.1 2.LookingGood: AnIntroductiontoIndustrialDesignsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises. WIPOpublicationNo.498.1 3.InventingtheFuture: AnIntroductiontoPatentsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises.WIPOpublicationNo.917.1 4.CreativeExpression: AnIntroductiontoCopyrightandRelatedRightsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises. WIPOpublicationNo.918 5.InGoodCompany: ManagingIntellectualPropertyIssuesinFranchising.WIPOpublicationNo.1035 6.EnterprisingIdeas: AGuidetoIntellectualPropertyforStartups.WIPOpublicationNo.961 Allpublicationsareavailabletodownloadfreeofchargeat:www.wipo.int/publications CreativeExpression AnIntroductiontoCopyrightandRelatedRightsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises IntellectualPropertyforBusinessSeriesNumber4 ThisworkislicensedunderCreativeCommonsAttribution 4.0International. Theuserisallowedtoreproduce,distribute,adapt,translateandpubliclyperformthispublication,includingforcommer-cialpurposes,withoutexplicitpermission,providedthatthecontentisaccompaniedbyanacknowledgementthatWIPOisthesourceandthatitisclearlyindicatedifchangesweremadetotheoriginalcontent. Suggestedcitation:WIPO(2023).CreativeExpression:AnIntroductiontoCopyrightandRelatedRightsforSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises.Geneva:WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization.10.34667/tind.47322 Adaptation/translation/derivativesshouldnotcarryanyof-ficialemblemorlogo,unlesstheyhavebeenapprovedandvalidatedbyWIPO.PleasecontactusviatheWIPOwebsitetoobtainpermission. Foranyderivativework,pleaseincludethefollowingdisclaim-er:“TheSecretariatofWIPOassumesnoliabilityorrespon-sibilitywithregardtothetransformationortranslationoftheoriginalcontent.” WhencontentpublishedbyWIPO,suchasimages,graphics,trademarksorlogos,isattributedtoathird-party,theuserofsuchcontentissolelyresponsibleforclearingtherightswiththerightholder(s). Toviewacopyofthislicense,pleasevisithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Anydisputearisingunderthislicensethatcannotbeset-tledamicablyshallbereferredtoarbitrationinaccordancewithArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL)theninforce.Thepartiesshallbeboundbyanyarbitrationawardrenderedasaresultofsucharbitrationasthefinaladjudicationofsuchadispute. Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmateri-althroughoutthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofWIPOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. ThispublicationisnotintendedtoreflecttheviewsoftheMemberStatesortheWIPOSecretariat. Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufac-turersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommend-edbyWIPOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. ©WIPO,2023 Firstpublished2006 WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization34,chemindesColombettes P.O.Box18 CH-1211Geneva20Switzerland ISBN:978-92-805-3450-4(print) ISBN:978-92-805-3456-6(online) ISSN:2958-4620(print) ISSN:2958-4639(online) Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0) Cover:GabrielGurrola/Unsplash;MartindeArriba/Unsplash;SusanQYin/Unsplash Howdoyouprovethatyouaretheownerofcopyright? 42 Howdoyouprotectworksinelectronicordigitalform? 43 Howdoyouobtainprotectioninothercountries? 47 Isacopyrightnoticeontheworkobligatory? 47 Ownershipofcopyrightandrelatedrights 49 Whoistheauthorofawork? 50 Whoownscopyright? 54 Whoownsrelatedrights? 56 Benefitingfromcopyrightandrelatedrights 57 Howcanyougenerateincomefromcreativeworksandrelatedrights? 58 Canyousellyourworkandstillkeepthecopyrightinit? 58 Whatisacopyrightlicense? 58 Whatiscopyrightassignment? 67 Usingworksownedbyothers 68 Whatcanbeusedwithoutpermission? 69 Whatarelimitationsandexceptionstocopyrightandrelatedrights? 71 CanyouuseworksprotectedbyDigitalRightsManagement(DRM)? 74 Howcanyougetauthorizationtouseprotectedworks? 75 3 Tableofcontents Acknowledgments5 Introduction7 Copyrightandrelatedrights9 Whatiscopyright?10 Whatarerelatedrights?11 Howarecopyrightandrelated rightsrelevanttoyourbusiness?12 Howarecopyrightandrelated rightsobtained?13 Arethereotherlegalmeansforprotectingintellectualproperty?13 Scopeanddurationof protection15 Whattypesofworksareprotected bycopyright?16 Whatcriteriamustaworkmeettoqualifyforprotection?21 Whataspectsofaworkarenot protectedbycopyright?22 Whatprotectiondoescopyright provide?24 provide?31 Whatprotectiondorelatedrights Howlongdocopyrightandrelated rightslast?37 Protectingyouroriginal creations41 Howdoyouobtaincopyrightand relatedrights?42 CreativeExpression Howcanyourbusinessreduce theriskofinfringement?77 Enforcingcopyrightand relatedrights78 Whenisyourcopyrightinfringed?79 Whatshouldyoudoifyourrights areinfringed?80 Howdoyousettleaninfringement ofcopyrightwithoutgoingtoco