This book examines China's energy security and relations with oil-rich countries, Kazakhstan and Russia. It challenges conventional assumptions about energy politics and China's global quest for oil, and shows how energy resources become ideas and are mobilized in international relations. The book argues that to build collaborative and constructive energy relations with China, its partners must consider not only material realities but also the multiple symbolic meanings that energy resources and oil acquire in China. It will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, energy security, Chinese and post-Soviet studies, and energy policy.