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太平洋岛国的全球价值链：模式与结构（英）

文化传媒2023-05-01亚开行在***

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The paper titled "Global Value Chains in the Pacific Island Countries: Patterns and Structure" by Upalat Korwatanasakul, associate professor at Waseda University, explores the patterns and structure of global value chains in Pacific Island countries. The paper discusses the importance of understanding these value chains for the economic development of the region. The author argues that Pacific Island countries have a unique opportunity to participate in global value chains, but they face several challenges, including limited infrastructure, lack of skilled labor, and limited access to finance. The paper suggests that policy interventions, such as improving infrastructure, investing in education and training, and promoting international trade, can help Pacific Island countries to participate more effectively in global value chains. The author concludes that the study of global value chains in Pacific Island countries is an important area of research that can inform policy-making and promote economic development in the region.

ADBIWorkingPaperSeries GLOBALVALUECHAINSINTHEPACIFICISLANDCOUNTRIES:PATTERNSANDSTRUCTURE UpalatKorwatanasakul No.1382 May2023 AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute UpalatKorwatanasakulisanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofSocialSciences,WasedaUniversity. TheviewsexpressedinthispaperaretheviewsoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofADBI,ADB,itsBoardofDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBIdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispaperandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequencesoftheiruse.TerminologyusedmaynotnecessarilybeconsistentwithADBofficialterms. Discussionpapersaresubjecttoformalrevisionandcorrectionbeforetheyarefinalizedandconsideredpublished. TheWorkingPaperseriesisacontinuationoftheformerlynamedDiscussionPaperseries;thenumberingofthepaperscontinuedwithoutinterruptionorchange.ADBI’sworkingpapersreflectinitialideasonatopicandarepostedonlinefordiscussion.Someworkingpapersmaydevelopintootherformsofpublication. TheAsianDevelopmentBankrefersto“China”asthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Suggestedcitation: Korwatanasakul,U.2023.GlobalValueChainsinthePacificIslandCountries:PatternsandStructure.ADBIWorkingPaper1382.Tokyo:AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute.Available:https://doi.org/10.56506/XDZZ8844 Pleasecontacttheauthorsforinformationaboutthispaper.Email:korwatanasakul@aoni.waseda.jp AsianDevelopmentBankInstituteKasumigasekiBuilding,8thFloor3-2-5Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda-ku Tokyo100-6008,Japan Tel:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.orgE-mail:info@adbi.org ©2023AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute Abstract Thisstudyinvestigatesthepatternsofglobalvaluechain(GVC)participationofPacificislandcountries(PICs)atthecountry,industry,andfirmlevels,utilizingUNCTAD-EoraGVCdata(1999–2018)andtheWorldBank’sEnterpriseSurveydata(2009and2015).Italsousesthesurveydatatoexaminetherelationshipbetweenfirmandcountrycharacteristicsandfirm-levelGVCparticipation.Atthecountrylevel,thestudyfoundalimitedroleofthePICsinglobalandregionalproductionnetworks,hinderingforeigntechnologicalandknowledgetransfer,industrialization,andeconomicdevelopment,while,attheindustrylevel,thePICsgenerallyengageinlow-value-addedactivities.Thefirm-levelanalysisrevealsthatthePICs’domesticfirms,particularlySMEs,facedifficultiesjoiningvaluechains.Althoughfirmcharacteristics,i.e.,laborproductivityandqualitycertification,areessentialforfirmstoengageinGVCsinitially,theyareinsufficienttodeepentheGVCparticipationlevel.Theanalysisalsoemphasizesthesignificanceofmacro-levelbusiness-enablingenvironmentfactors,includinggoodgovernance,tradeopenness,andforeigndirectinvestment. Keywords:globalvaluechain,islandness,Pacificisland,productionnetwork,tradeinvalueadded JELClassification:F13,F14,O24 Contents 1.INTRODUCTION1 2.COUNTRY-LEVELANALYSIS2 3.INDUSTRY-LEVELANALYSIS8 4.FIRM-LEVELANALYSIS11 4.1PatternsandStructureofGVCParticipation11 4.2GVC-FirmCharacteristics13 5.CONCLUSION16 REFERENCES18 APPENDIX21 1.INTRODUCTION ThePacificIslandcountries(PICs)faceseveralissuesintheirquestforeconomicandsustainabledevelopmentduetotheircharacteristicof“islandness,”i.e.,economicandgeographicalsmallness,remoteness,anddispersion(e.g.,JuswantoandAli2016;Malua2003;UNESCAP2006;WorldBank2021).Smalldomesticmarketsconstraintheireconomicactivitiesand,inturn,reducethepossibilityofrealizingeconomiesofscale,specialization,andindustrialization(KumarandStauvermann2021).Moreover,remotenessanddispersionimplyhightransportationand,inturn,productioncosts,whilesmallnessindicatesasmalldomesticmarketsizeandahurdletoovercomeinrealizingeconomiesofscale.Together,thecharacteristicsofislandnessmaketheregionunattractivetoforeigndirectinvestment(FDI),posingchallengestothePICsinjoiningglobalvaluechains(GVCs).WithoutFDIandGVCparticipation,thePICs’domesticfirmsandindustriesloseseveralopportunities,including:1)enhancementofcapabilitiesandcompetitiveness;2)improvementofproductquality;3)financialstability;and4)marketexpansion(KorwatanasakulandPaweenawat2021).Consequently,themanufacturingsectorisunderdeveloped,andthePICshavebecomedetachedfromtheglobalmarketandvaluechains. EventhoughparticipationinGVCsissignificantforeconomicdevelopment(e.g.,KorwatanasakulandBaek2021;Korwatanasakul,Baek,andMajoe2022),thereisverylittlestand-aloneliteratureregardingGVCsinthePICs.MostdiscussionsareinthecontextofAsiaandthePacificand,inturn,offerthinanalysesandpolicyimplicationsthatmaynotbespecifictothePICs’context.Ontheonehand,theliteratureprovidesmacro-leveldescriptiveanalysesofthePICs’GVCs,coveringissuessuchastheimportanceoftheservicessectorinGVCs(Anukoonwattaka,Mikic,andZhang2017),thebenefitsandthedriversofGVCparticipation(Sawadaetal.2020),andconnectivityandGVCs(Shepherd2016;Vickers,Keane,andPalit2019).Ontheotherhand,Chand(2017)andAngelucciandConforti(2010)employcasestudiesatthefirmandindustrylevelstoexaminethecharacteristicsofgarmentandfoodvaluechainsinFijiandVanuatu. Amongthelimitedamountofliterature,theexistingliteratureisalmostexclusivelylimitedtograyliterature,suchasreportsbyinternationalorganizations(e.g.,theAsianDevelopmentBank

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