2022年国际贸易的主要统计数据和趋势（英）

KEYSTATISTICS andTRENDS inInternationalTrade2022 Theremarkabletradereboundof2021and2022 KEYSTATISTICS andTRENDS inInternationalTrade2022 Theremarkabletradereboundof2021and2022 Geneva,2023 ©2023,UnitedNationsAllrightsreservedworldwide RequeststoreproduceexcerptsortophotocopyshouldbeaddressedtotheCopyrightClearanceCenteratcopyright.com. Allotherqueriesonrightsandlicences,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedto: UnitedNationsPublications405East42ndStreet, NewYork,NewYork10017UnitedStatesofAmericaEmail:publications@un.orgWebsite:https://shop.un.org/ ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonanymapinthisworkdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. MentionofanyfirmorlicensedprocessdoesnotimplytheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.Thispublicationhasnotbeenformallyedited. UnitedNationspublicationissuedbytheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2023/1 ISBN: 978-92-1-113090-4 eISBN: 978-92-1-002511-9 ISSN: 2663-7960 eISSN: 2663-7979 SalesNo.:E.23.II.D.2 NOTEiv OVERVIEWv DATASOURCESvi INFOCUS:THEREMARKABLETRADEREBOUNDOF2021AND20221 1.TRENDSININTERNATIONALTRADE5 Valuesandgrowthratesofworldtradeingoodsandservices6 Volumesofinternationaltradeingoods7 Valuesoftradeingoodsandservicesbycountrygroups8 Compositionoftradeflowsingoods,byimportingandexportingregions9 Tradeingoodsbetween/withindevelopedanddevelopingcountries10 Changesinthevalueofthelargerstbilateraltradeflowsbetween2020and2021, byproductgroup11 Valuesofworldtradeingoodsbystageofprocessingandbroadcategory12 Valuesofworldtradeingoodsbyregion,stageofprocessingandbroadcategory13 Valuesofworldtradeingoodsbysectors14 Marketsharesoftradeinservicesofdevelopinganddevelopedcountriesbysector15 2.TRADEINDICATORS17 Importandexportpropensity18 Tradebalances19 Commodityexportdependence20 Foodandenergynetposition21 Exportdiversification22 Changesinexportdiversification23 Exportperformanceandexportcompetitiveness24 Exportsophisticationandexportsophisticationgap25 NOTE KeyStatisticsandTrendsinInternationalTradeisayearlypublication.ItisaproductoftheTradeAnalysisBranch,DivisiononInternationalTradeandCommodities(DITC),UNCTADsecretariat.Thispublicationmonitorsthetrendsofinternationaltradeingoodsandservicesinthemediumterm. TheseriesispartofalargereffortbyUNCTADtoanalysetrade-relatedissuesofparticularimportancefordevelopingcountries,asrequestedbythemandateofUNCTADXV.AlessandroNicitaandJuliaGrüblercontributedtothisstudy,whichalsobenefitedfrominputsandcommentsfromvariousDITCstaffmembersandtheUNCTADStatisticsteam.DesktoppublishingwasdonebyJeniferTacardon-Mercado. TradetrendsduringthelastthreeyearshavebeengreatlyinfluencedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.During2020,theeconomicdisruptionsbroughtaboutbyCOVID-19resultedinadeclineofinternationaltradeingoodsandservices.However,asglobaldemandresumed,internationaltradestronglyreboundedin2021andfurtherincreasedduring2022.Overall,thevalueofglobaltradeisexpectedtobeabout25percenthigherin2022thanitwasin2019.Asubstantialpartoftheincreaseinthevalueoftradeduringthelasttwoyearscanbeexplainedbyrisingcommoditypricesandmorerecentlybygeneralinflation.Tradevolumesgrewtoasmallerextent.Evenso,thesteadyincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradesinceearly2021indicatesarobustglobaldemandfortradedgoods. Thisreportisstructuredintotwoparts.Thefirstpartpresentsashort-termoverviewofthestatusofinternationaltradeusingpreliminarystatisticsonmerchandisetradeuntilthefirsthalfof2022.Thesecondpartprovidesillustrativestatisticsoninternationaltradeingoodsandservicescoveringthemediumterm.Thesecondpartisdividedintotwosections.Section1providestradestatisticsatvariouslevelsofaggregationthatillustratestheevolutionoftradeacrosseconomicsectorsandgeographicregions.Section2presentstradeindicatorstoinformonsomespecificsofthetradepatternsatthecountrylevel. DATASOURCES ThestatisticsinthispublicationwereproducedbytheUNCTADsecretariatusingdatafromvarioussources.ThisreportreliesontheUnitedNationsCommodityTradeStatisticsDatabase(COMTRADE)(comtrade.un.org)dataformerchandisetradestatistics.UNCTADStat(unctadstat.unctad.org)isthesourceofservicestatistics.Quarterlydataformerchandisetradecomesfromnationalauthorities’statistics.Thedatahasbeenstandardizedtofacilitatecross-countrycomparisons.Data,althoughcomprehensiveandcomparableacrosscountries,doesnotperfectlyreflectnationalstatistics,andthussomediscrepancieswithspecificnationalstatisticsmaybepresent.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinternationaltradeisdefinedastradeingoods(merchandise)andservices.CountriesarecategorizedbygeographicregionasdefinedbytheUnitedNationsclassification(UNSDM49).DevelopedcountriesaretheseidentifiedintheUNSDM49accordingtothedistinctionasofDecember2021.ProductsectorsarecategorizedaccordingtotheBroadEconomicCategories(BEC)classificationandtheInternationalStandardIndustrialClassification(ISIC)augmentedbyfivebroadagriculturalsectorsbasedontheHarmonize