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技术、创新和企业竞争力：柬埔寨企业层面分析（英）

信息技术2023-01-01亚开行石***

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This ADBI Working Paper Series examines firm-level competitiveness in Cambodia, focusing on the role of technology and innovation. The authors suggest that firms that invest in technology and innovation tend to be more competitive and have higher productivity. The study also finds that the Cambodian government's policies play a crucial role in promoting technology and innovation adoption by firms. The authors recommend that the government continue to implement policies that support technology and innovation adoption, such as providing access to finance and improving the business environment. Overall, the study highlights the importance of technology and innovation for firm competitiveness in Cambodia.

ADBIWorkingPaperSeries TECHNOLOGY,INNOVATION,ANDFIRMCOMPETITIVENESS: FIRMLEVELANALYSISINCAMBODIA VuthaHing,ShandreThangavelu,andRathaKong No.1353 January2023 AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute VuthaHingisaPhDcandidateattheInstituteforInternationalTrade,UniversityofAdelaide.ShandreThangaveluisaprofessorattheJeffreyCheahInstituteforSoutheastAsia,SunwayUniversityandaprofessorattheInstituteforInternationalTrade,UniversityofAdelaide.RathaKongisaPhDstudentattheInstituteforInternationalTrade,UniversityofAdelaide. TheviewsexpressedinthispaperaretheviewsoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofADBI,ADB,itsBoardofDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBIdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispaperandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequencesoftheiruse.TerminologyusedmaynotnecessarilybeconsistentwithADBofficialterms. Discussionpapersaresubjecttoformalrevisionandcorrectionbeforetheyarefinalizedandconsideredpublished. TheWorkingPaperseriesisacontinuationoftheformerlynamedDiscussionPaperseries;thenumberingofthepaperscontinuedwithoutinterruptionorchange.ADBI’sworkingpapersreflectinitialideasonatopicandarepostedonlinefordiscussion.Someworkingpapersmaydevelopintootherformsofpublication. TheAsianDevelopmentBankrefersto“China”asthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandto“Vietnam”asVietNam. Suggestedcitation: Hing,V.,S.Thangavelu,andR.Kong.2023.Technology,Innovation,andFirmCompetitiveness:FirmLevelAnalysisinCambodia.ADBIWorkingPaper1353.Tokyo:AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute.Available:https://doi.org/10.56506/BIWS9085 Pleasecontacttheauthorsforinformationaboutthispaper.Email:shandre.thangavelu@adelaide.edu.au AsianDevelopmentBankInstituteKasumigasekiBuilding,8thFloor3-2-5Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda-ku Tokyo100-6008,Japan Tel:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.orgE-mail:info@adbi.org ©2023AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute Abstract Thepaperexaminestheinnovationandcompetitivenessoffirms,especiallywithregardtothechannelsoftechnologytransferandthenatureofinnovationactivitiesthatinfluencefirmperformanceintheCambodianeconomy.Despitethegrowingimportanceofinnovation,therehasbeennoempiricalanalysisofthefactorsaffectingtechnologicalandinnovativedevelopmentandtheimpactthatthesefactorshaveonfirms’productivityinCambodia.WeusetheWorldBankEnterpriseSurvey(WBES)forCambodianenterprisesforourempiricalimplementation.Theresultsoftheresearchindicatethatoverseaslinkagesthatincludebothupstreamanddownstreamactivitiescouldaffectproductivitygrowthatbothfirmandindustrylevels.WealsofindthattechnologyandinnovationhaveapositiveimpactontheproductivityoffirmsinCambodia. Keywords:technology,innovation,productivity,humancapital,exportandimport JELClassification:D240 Contents 1.INTRODUCTION1 2.LITERATUREREVIEW3 3.OVERVIEWOFSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY,ANDINNOVATION(STI) INCAMBODIA5 3.1NationalSTIPolicy5 3.2InnovationandTechnologyattheFirmLevel6 4.EMPIRICALSTRATEGYANDDATASOURCE7 4.1EmpiricalStrategy7 4.2DataSources9 4.3EstimationMethod10 5.EMPIRICALRESULTSANDDISCUSSION10 5.1BaselineResults10 5.2DifferentiatingtheImpactofTechnologyandInnovation13 5.3AlternativeMeasureofProductivity14 5.4AddressingEndogeneityProblems15 6.CONCLUSION17 REFERENCES19 1.INTRODUCTION TheNationalInnovationSystem(NIS)iscriticalforthedevelopmentofkeyinnovationstrategiesandeconomicfundamentalsforsustainableandinclusivegrowth.TheNISbuildsacoherentandintegratedframeworktocreatesustainableandinclusivegrowth.TheNISframeworkiscriticalintermsofidentifyingthelinkagesbetweenbusinessesandpublicpolicies,developingkeyfundamentalsofcompetitivenessofdomesticfirms,identifyingthelinkagesbetweendomesticfirmsandmultinationalfirms,developingthevitalhumancapitaltofullyparticipateintheinnovativeandeconomicactivitiesinanopeneconomicsystem,creatingtangibleandintangibleknowledgecapitalinthedomesticeconomy,andcreatingforward-lookingpoliciesandinstitutionstosupportthecreativeandknowledge-basedeconomicdevelopmentintheeconomy(AsianDevelopmentBank2014).TheNISframeworkisalsoimportanttomanagetheunevenimpactofeconomicdevelopmentfromeconomicliberalization,anditwillhaveadirectimpactontheinclusivedevelopmentofdomesticfirms,themanagementofruralandurbansectorinequalities,andwilldirectlyaddressthedigitaldivideandinequalitiesinthedomesticeconomy.TheNISframeworkrecognizestheimportanceofgovernmentpoliciestocoordinateandmanagethekeyinnovationframeworkinthedomesticeconomy. Itisclearthattechnologyandinnovationarekeyfordomesticindustriestobecompetitiveandtocreatesustainabledevelopmentinthedomesticeconomyinthelongrun.Theirsignificanceandimpactonlong-termeconomicdevelopmentandeconomicgrowthiswidelyrecognizedintheliterature(i.e.,GrossmanandHelpman1991;Romer1994).Technologicalprogresscanalsohavepositivespilloversindevelopingcountriestoboosttechnologicalcapacityandenhanceproductivity,whichserveascrucialvehiclestocatchuptodevelopedcountries(Coe,Helpman,andHoffmaister1997;Fagerberg,Srholec,andKnell2007;GrossmanandHelpman1991).ThegrowthpatterninEastAsiaprovidesstrongevidenceofthecrucialimpactoftechnologyandinnovationonthecompetitivenes

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