The Migration and Remittances Brief 36, published in May 2022, discusses the financial implications of the Ukrainian crisis and COVID-19 on global governance of migration and remittance flows. Prior to the invasion, remittances had sustained strong momentum in 2021, driven by factors such as improved economic conditions and increased digitalization. The top remittance source and recipient countries in 2021 were India and the United States, respectively. The outlook for 2022 is uncertain due to the escalating risks following the invasion. The report also highlights policy issues such as remittance costs and recruitment costs, and the implications for global governance architecture for migration and remittance flows. Regional trends in migration and remittance flows are also discussed, with remittances to East Asia and the Pacific declining in 2021, while those to Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa registered strong growth or recovery in 2021.
