远程办公与数字游民全球移民指数

May 2024OverviewThis document provides high-level information about jurisdictions worldwide that offer visas orpermits for remote workers and digitalnomads.This document also includes information aboutjurisdictions that introduced visas or permits for remote workers and digital nomads and have sincesuspended these programs, and jurisdictions where the current rules are ambiguous (e.g.,jurisdictions that may be perceived as destinations for remote workers but where specificimmigration legislation authorizing remote work is not in place).It does not include informationregarding all pathways for foreign nationals to work remotely (e.g., visas or permits that are notspecifically aimed at remote workers but allow holders to work remotely on a limited, incidentalbasis).The information contained in this document includes country names, document(visa/permit) names, government processing times (the amount of time needed by governmentauthorities to evaluate applications for the documents mentioned herein) and lengths of stay (theamount of time that visa holders may remain in the countries that issued the visas). Whereapplicable,applicants may refer to the website of the relevant embassy or consulate prior tosubmitting their application.Policy changes across the globe are being proposed and implemented daily. This document is updatedonaquarterly basis. Not all jurisdictions are reflected in this document.The content (and links) hereinare true and accurateas of the publication date. This document is provided for informational purposesonly and does not constitute legal advice or guaranteethe outcome of any application, includingapplications for admission to foreign destinations. EY memberfirms do not practice law where notpermitted by local law or regulation. Ernst & Young LLP (US) does notpractice law or offer legaladvice.For the latest immigration updates,click here. For further guidance or information regardingimmigration policies and/or requirements in specific jurisdictions, contact the EY professional withwhom you work. May 2024ContentExecutive SummaryEvolution of digital nomad visasAt a glanceAlbaniaAndorraAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaBarbadosBelizeBermudaBrazilCabo VerdeColombiaCosta RicaCroatiaCuracaoDominicaEcuadorEstoniaGreeceHungaryIcelandIndonesiaItalyJapanKorea, Republic ofKyrgyzstan 4568910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 Latvia33Malaysia34Malta35Mauritius36Montenegro37Montserrat38Namibia39Panama40PortugalD8 Residence Visa41D8 Residence Permit42D8 Temporary Stay Visa43Romania44South Africa45Spain46Sri Lanka47Taiwan48ThailandLong-TermResidenceVisa49DestinationThailandVisa50Türkiye51United Arab Emirates52Uruguay53Special situations54No immigrationlegislation55Suspendedprograms56 Post the COVID-19 pandemic, geographically agnosticworkingand “work anywhere” models have become amainstream workforceexpectation, whether for freelancers(i.e., individual led) or withincorporate global mobility. Thedemand for globally agile workingremains high, driven bycontinued employee demand, globalworkforcerebalancing and acute geostrategic and economicchallenges. Governments have introduced policies toattract“anywhere workers” at scale, recognizing thecompetitive benefitsof agile working.The terms “digital nomads,” “anywhere workers” and“remoteworkers” are used interchangeably. Thesegenerally refer toindividuals who are employed and receivesalaries and benefits inone country (i.e., home country) butconduct their day-to-day workactivities and responsibilitiesdigitally (e.g., via laptop or smartphone)from within theterritorial boundaries of another country (i.e.,host country).Digital nomads and remote workers are generallynotpermitted to earn remuneration from within the host country.Government policies around this persona typically take theformof new visas and permits, or expanded scopes ofexisting visasand permits, that allow qualifying foreignersto lawfully workremotely from within their borders.2024 saw a series of regulatory changes around the world aimedat simplifying the immigration process for remote workers,including the introduction of new digital nomad visas in at leastseven jurisdictions. This trend continued in the first quarter of2025, with Taiwan joining the list of regions that offer visas tothis group. As of the start of March 2025, over 43 jurisdictionsoffer digital nomador remote worker visas and permits. Ofthese, 33% are located in the Americas, 33% in Europe, 20%in the Asia-Pacific region and the other 14% in Africa andthe Middle East. Approximatelyhalf of all jurisdictions thatoffer digital nomad and remote work visasallow holders ofthese documents to reside in their territories foran initialperiod of up to one year. In general, applicants mustdemonstrate that they are employed or self-employed, meetincomerequirements and hold insurance policies that covermedical expensesin the host country (and in some cases,repatriation costs).Seema FaraziEY Global Immigration Leaderfor Government Affairs an