迈向零排放：中国城市的公共、共享与慢行交通

China’s Journey Toward Zero Emission Urban Mobility

Introduction

China is rapidly advancing towards zero emission urban mobility, with a focus on reducing transport-related emissions. The global community has recognized the urgency to combat climate change, leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, aiming to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C and striving for 1.5°C. Despite significant progress in electric vehicle (EV) production and sales, China recognizes the need for broader and deeper changes to achieve zero emission transport.

Key Data and Trends

• Public Transport: In 2019, buses and urban rail accounted for 72% of national urban passenger volume. That year, China carried over 93 billion passenger trips via buses and urban rail, nearly ten times the volume in the United States.
• Bus Market: By 2022, China led the global bus market, with its fleet comprising a quarter of the world's buses. Over 83% of new buses sold globally were electric, with China accounting for 96% of PHEV buses. China’s bus stock reached 703,200 units in 2022, 9.8 times that of the United States.
• Urban Rail: China boasts the largest urban rail network globally, with 41 cities having metros covering 8,448 kilometers. Daily ridership in 2022 reached 53 million passenger trips.

Electric Vehicles and Active Mobility

• Electric Two and Three Wheelers (E2/3Ws): These vehicles have gained significant popularity due to their convenience and cost-effectiveness. They are particularly favored in urban areas where traditional motorcycles are often defined as high-speed vehicles.
• Shared Bicycles: Shared bicycles have become a popular mode of transportation, significantly impacting urban mobility. They offer a convenient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional vehicles.

Drivers and Challenges

• Policy Motivation: The shift towards zero emission transport is driven by stringent policies and incentives aimed at electrifying public transport and promoting active mobility.
• Key Factors: The rapid growth in EVs is supported by high-efficiency and low-cost manufacturing, proactive government policies, and the increasing demand for sustainable transport solutions.

Future Outlook

• Strategies for Success: To achieve further progress, China needs to strengthen overall planning, improve financial sustainability of public transport, and avoid a one-size-fits-all approach for managing E2/3Ws.
• Technological Opportunities: Embracing future technologies can provide more inclusive, safe, and environmentally friendly transport services.

Conclusion

China's journey towards zero emission urban mobility is marked by significant advancements in electric buses and urban rail systems. The country's commitment to sustainable transport solutions sets a precedent for other nations transitioning to zero emission transport.

---

Note: The data and trends provided here are based on the information and figures presented in the original text.