2023“一带一路”绿色交通案例报告

⹄ウഒ䱏Ύ ᵾ≨㓒⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາ䜘ሩཆਸ֌оӔ⍱ѝᗳ࢟ѫԫ᮷ᶠࡈѝഭޜ䐟ᆖՊ࢟⨶һ䮯ެ〈Җ䮯ǃഭ䱵䚃䐟㚄ⴏ࢟ѫᑝ㬍 㢣“аᑖа䐟”㔯㢢ਁኅഭ䱵㚄ⴏ〈Җ༴࢟༴䮯ᵾ⴬᮷“аᑖа䐟”㔯㢢ਁኅഭ䱵㚄ⴏ〈Җ༴儈㓗亩ⴞѫ㇑仆⩖ࡈ ेӜӔ䙊བྷᆖ㓿⍾㇑⨶ᆖ䲒ᮉᦸǃঊ༛⭏ሬᐸǃԱъ㇑⨶㌫ѫԫ㇑࿞၌ѝഭޜ䐟ᆖՊഭ䱵ਸ֌䜘ѫԫਦ 嗉 ेӜӔ䙊བྷᆖ㓿⍾㇑⨶ᆖ䲒ᮉᦸ䜝 ਽ ेӜӔ䙊བྷᆖ㓿⍾㇑⨶ᆖ䲒ᮉᦸ⦻ᆱᆱаᑖа䐟ഭ䱵Ӕ䙊㚄ⴏᢗ㹼〈Җ ᷇ᆀ⅒ѝഭޜ䐟ᆖՊഭ䱵ਸ֌䜘ѫ㇑ ᵜᣕ੺⭡Āаᑖа䐟ā㔯㢢ਁኅഭ䱵㚄ⴏ〈Җ༴৺ਸ֌Չդѝഭޜ䐟ᆖՊǃेӜӔ䙊བྷᆖޡ਼㕆߉DŽ⹄ウഒ䱏ᡀઈԕњӪ䓛ԭ৲࣐⹄ウᐕ֌DŽ ⴞᖅ ᢗ㹼᪈㾱............................................................ Iㅜаㄐᕅ䀰......................................................... 1ㅜҼㄐ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ส⹰䇮ᯭ............................................. 5аǃ䫱䐟亩ⴞ.................................................... 5˄а˅൏㙣ަᆹԺ儈䫱Ҽᵏ亩ⴞ................................. 5˄Ҽ˅ѝ㘱䫱䐟亩ⴞ........................................... 8˄й˅ሿ㔃.................................................. 13Ҽǃޜ䐟亩ⴞ................................................... 14˄а˅ᐤสᯟඖPKM儈䙏ޜ䐟亩ⴞ.............................. 14˄Ҽ˅Ḝคመ䠁⑟儈䙏ޜ䐟亩ⴞ................................ 18˄й˅ሿ㔃.................................................. 23йǃẕằ䳗䚃亩ⴞ............................................... 24˄а˅᮷㧡བྷ᪙᣹ዋབྷẕ亩ⴞ.................................. 24˄Ҽ˅ݻ㖇ൠӊࡇ֙⋉㥘བྷẕ亩ⴞ.............................. 28˄й˅ᆏ࣐᣹ഭ঑㓣Პ䟼⋣ᓅ䳗䚃亩ⴞ.......................... 36˄ഋ˅ሿ㔃.................................................. 39ഋǃ⑟ਓ亩ⴞ................................................... 40˄а˅ᐼ㝺∄䴧ෳཛᯟ⑟亩ⴞ.................................. 40˄Ҽ˅㫉ᐤ㩘⑟亩ⴞ.......................................... 44˄й˅ሿ㔃.................................................. 47ㅜйㄐࠪ㔯㢢㹼.................................................... 49аǃस⢉࡙⭥ࣘ⊭䖖ਁኅ......................................... 49˄а˅᭯ㆆ᭟ᤱ⭥ࣘ⊭䖖ӗъ.................................. 49˄Ҽ˅ᢃ䙐⭥ࣘ⊭䖖⭏ӗѝᗳ.................................. 51Ҽǃ൏㙣ަԺᯟඖᐳቄ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ਁኅ............................... 54 ˄а˅ਁኅ⭥ࣘ⊭䖖.......................................... 54˄Ҽ˅ᔪ䇮ޡޜӔ䙊㖁㔌...................................... 56˄й˅ᔪ䇮㔯㢢⑟ਓ.......................................... 60 йǃᯠ࣐එаփॆ෾ᐲӔ䙊փ㌫ᔪ䇮............................... 62˄а˅Ӕ䙊ཊᔿ㚄䘀.......................................... 62˄Ҽ˅෾ᐲ㔯㢢Ც㜭Ӕ䙊㇑⨶.................................. 63˄й˅ᨀّޡޜӔ䙊.......................................... 64˄ഋ˅ޡޜӔ䙊ሬੁරᔰਁ.................................... 65ഋǃᲪ࡙൓ൠӊକਟᤱ㔝Ӕ䙊ਁኅ................................. 67˄а˅ਁኅ⭥ࣘ⊭䖖.......................................... 67˄Ҽ˅啃࣡僁㹼.............................................. 69˄й˅↕㹼৻ྭ㺇䚃᭩䙐...................................... 71ㅜഋㄐ㔃䇪........................................................ 73˄а˅㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ส⹰䇮ᯭ......................................... 73˄Ҽ˅㔯㢢ࠪ㹼................................................. 74৲㘳᮷⥞........................................................... 76 ᢗ㹼᪈㾱 “аᑖа䐟”ّ䇞㠚2013ᒤᨀࠪԕᶕˈ࿻㓸ඊᤱᔰ᭮ǃ㔯㢢ǃᓹ⌱⨶ᘥˈࣚ࣋ᇎ⧠儈ḷ߶ǃਟᤱ㔝ǃᜐ≁⭏ⴞḷˈᐢᡀѪᖃӺц⭼␡ਇ⅒䗾Ⲵഭ䱵ޡޜӗ૱઼ഭ䱵ਸ֌ᒣਠDŽӔ䙊亶ฏਸ֌ᱟ“аᑖа䐟”ᔪ䇮Ⲵ䟽㾱޵ᇩˈᱟӂ㚄ӂ䙊Ⲵส⹰DŽᡚ㠣2023ᒤ1ᴸˈѝഭᐢ㓿਼151њഭᇦ઼32њഭ䱵㓴㓷ㆮ㖢200ᔪޡ։ԭ“аᑖа䐟”ਸ֌᮷Ԧ[1]ˈབྷཊ⎹৺Ӕ䙊ส⹰䇮ᯭᔪ䇮઼ӂ㚄ӂ䙊DŽԕޡᔪ“аᑖа䐟”Ѫਸ֌ᒣਠˈᡚ㠣2021ᒤᓅˈѝഭ䘈о19њഭᇦㆮ㖢Ҷ22亩ৼ䗩ǃཊ䗩᭯ᓌ䰤ഭ䱵䚃䐟䘀䗃࡙ׯॆॿᇊ[2]DŽ ൘ޘ⨳㓿⍾༽㣿ѿ࣋Ӕ㓷≄ىਈॆǃ⭏⢙ཊṧᙗїཡǃ⧟ໍາ⊑ḃԕ৺ਁኅнᒣ㺑ㅹཊ㔤᥁ᡈⲴ㛼Ჟлˈ਴䟽⛩㹼ъ㓧㓧࣐䙏ᇎᯭ㔯㢢վ⻣䖜රᡈ⮕DŽަѝˈӔ䙊㹼ъሩ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາ઼≄ىⲴᖡ૽нᇩᘭ㿶ˈަ㔯㢢վ⻣䖜රॱޣ࠶䭞DŽаᯩ䶒ˈ“аᑖа䐟”ᔪ䇮䗷〻ѝ⎹৺Ⲵ䮯䐍⿫㓯ᙗӔ䙊ᐕ〻䖳ཊˈо⋯㓯ൠ४⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາ᭿ᝏ४⴨ӔਐˈӔ䙊ส⹰䇮ᯭᔪ䇮ሩ㠚❦Ჟ㿲઼⭏ᘱ㌫㔏ӗ⭏Ⲵ䈨ྲ⭏ໍາ䘰ॆ઼⹤⺾ॆǃ⧟ໍາ⊑ḃǃ⭏ໍາ䱫䳄ǃཆᶕ⢙⿽ޕץㅹ਴⿽ᖡ૽൘нᯝ࣐བྷˈ䘉⿽ᖡ૽ᐢ㠣ቁ⎹৺ޘ⨳䱶ൠ䶒〟Ⲵ15%̚20%[3]DŽਖаᯩ䶒ˈӔ䙊䘀䗃ᱟ㜭Ⓚ⎸㙇઼⑙ᇔ≄փᧂ᭮Ⲵѫ㾱㹼ъѻаˈഭ䱵㜭Ⓚ㖢˄IEA˅ᮠᦞᱮ⽪ˈӔ䙊䘀䗃㹼ъᱟޘ⨳ㅜҼབྷ⻣ᧂ᭮䜘䰘ˈ⻣ᧂ䟿ঐ∄䗮25%ˈᱟᕅਁޘ⨳≄ىਈॆⲴѫ㾱ഐ㍐DŽ ѝഭ࿻㓸ሶ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊֌Ѫ᧘ࣘ㔯㢢э㔨ѻ䐟ᔪ䇮Ⲵ䟽㾱亶ฏDŽ2017ᒤ4ᴸˈ৏⧟ໍາ؍ᣔ䜘ǃཆӔ䜘ǃഭᇦਁኅ᭩䶙ငǃ୶࣑䜘㚄ਸਁᐳljޣҾ᧘䘋㔯㢢“аᑖа䐟”ᔪ䇮Ⲵᤷሬ᜿㿱NJˈሶ“᧘䘋㔯㢢ส⹰䇮ᯭᔪ䇮ˈᕪॆ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາ䍘䟿؍䳌”“᧘ᒯ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ㅹ㹼ъⲴ㢲㜭⧟؍ḷ߶઼ᇎ䐥ā֌Ѫѫ㾱ԫ࣑ѻаDŽ2021ᒤ10ᴸˈ൘ㅜҼቺ㚄ਸഭޘ⨳ਟᤱ㔝Ӕ䙊བྷՊᵏ䰤ˈѝഭੁц⭼䟽⭣ሶ㔗㔝᧘䘋儈䍘䟿ޡᔪ“аᑖа䐟”ˈ࣐ᕪ਼਴ഭส⹰䇮ᯭӂ㚄ӂ䙊ˈ࣐ᘛᔪ䇮㔯㢢э㔨ѻ䐟઼ᮠᆇэ㔨ѻ䐟DŽ2022ᒤ3ᴸˈഭᇦਁኅ᭩䶙ငǃཆӔ䜘ǃ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາ䜘ǃ୶࣑䜘㚄ਸঠਁljޣҾ᧘䘋ޡᔪ“аᑖа䐟”㔯㢢ਁኅⲴ᜿㿱NJˈᕪ䈳“࣐ᕪ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊亶ฏഭ䱵ਸ֌ˈࣙ࣋ޡᔪ‘аᑖа䐟’ഭᇦਁኅ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊”DŽ ᵜᣕ੺ത㔅㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ᐕ〻઼㔯㢢ࠪ㹼єབྷ㔤ᓖᔰኅ“аᑖа䐟”㔯㢢Ӕ䙊Ṹֻ⹄ウˈ䘹ਆ䫱䐟ǃޜ䐟ǃ⑟ਓǃẕằǃ䳗䚃ǃ⭥ࣘ⊭䖖ㅹн਼亶ฏⲴ13ኅ⽪࠶ݵˈֻරṸިњ“аᑖа䐟”㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ਁኅⲴᴰ֣ᇎ䐥ˈᙫ㔃ިරṸֻ൘؍ᣔᖃൠ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາǃ᭩ழ≁⭏⾿⽹ǃᴽ࣑ь䚃ഭਁኅᡈ⮕ㅹᯩ䶒ⲴѮ᧚оᡀ᭸ˈѪޡᔪ“аᑖа䐟”ഭᇦᨀ׋ᴹ⳺ُ䢤ˈ᧘ࣘ㔯㢢э㔨ѻ䐟ᔪ䇮ਆᗇᴤྭᇎ᭸DŽ ㅜаㄐᕅ䀰 㔯㢢Ӕ䙊Ⲵ⹄ウ࿻Ҿ20ц㓚90DŽࡍᒤԓ1992ᒤˈ㚄ਸഭ⧟ໍາоਁኅབྷՊ䗮ᡀҶljޣҾ⧟ໍາоਁኅⲴ䟼㓖✝޵঒ᇓ䀰NJ˄৸〠ljൠ⨳ᇚㄐNJ˅ˈ俆⅑ሶਟᤱ㔝ਁኅࡇѪӪ㊫ਁኅⲴޡ਼ⴞḷDŽ൘䘉аṶᷦлˈ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊֌Ѫ䟽㾱㓴ᡀ䜘࠶ˈᐢ㓿㻛ᓄ⭘൘෾ᐲӔ䙊亶ฏDŽ䘉⿽䘀䗃փ㌫ਟԕᱮ㪇߿䖫Ӕ䙊ᤕ๥ǃ߿ቁ⧟ໍາ⊑ḃǃ࡙࠶ݵ⭘䍴Ⓚ[4]DŽ1994ᒤˈ࣐᤯བྷᆖ㘵Chris Bradshaw俆⅑ሶ෾ᐲӔ䙊о㜭Ⓚǃ⧟ໍາ⴨㚄㌫ˈᨀࠪҶĀ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊փ㌫ā䘉аᾲᘥDŽ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊փ㌫ᱟа⿽ཊݳॆӔ䙊䘀䗃㌫㔏ˈᰘ൘ᇎ⧠߿ቁ⧟ໍາ⊑ḃǃ߿ቁᤕᥔǃ䱽վ㜭Ⓚ䍴Ⓚ֯⭘䟿৺൏ൠঐ⭘ǃ׳䘋⽮Պਟᤱ㔝ਁኅˈᒦ׍ᦞሩ↔ⴞḷⲴ䍑⥞⦷ሩӔ䙊ᯩᔿ䘋㹼ҶĀ㔯㢢ॆāՈݸ㓗ᧂᒿˈ⭡儈ࡠվ׍⅑Ѫ↕㹼ǃ㠚㹼䖖ǃޡޜӔ䙊ǃޡ҈䖖ˈᴰᵛ㘵ѪঅӪ傮傦⿱Ӫᵪࣘ䖖[5]DŽ ѝഭҾ20ц㓚90ᒤԓᔰ࿻ޣ⌘Ӕ䙊䖜රⲴਁኅ⹄ウˈ1995ᒤˈ৏ᔪ䇮䜘ǃ䍒᭯䜘ǃѝഭӪ≁䬦㹼ǃц⭼䬦㹼઼ӊ⍢ᔰਁ䬦㹼㚄ਸਁᐳljेӜᇓ䀰˖ѝഭ෾ᐲӔ䙊ਁኅᡈ⮕NJˈࡍ↕ྐᇊҶѝഭՈݸǃབྷ࣋ਁኅޡޜӔ䙊ˈ᧘ࣘ㔯㢢ࠪ㹼Ⲵส䈳DŽ2003ᒤˈ৏ᔪ䇮䜘઼ޜᆹ䜘ᔰኅࡋᔪĀ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊⽪㤳෾ᐲā⍫ࣘˈ൘lj㔯㢢Ӕ䙊⽪㤳෾ᐲ㘳Ṩḷ߶䈤᰾NJѝ↓ᔿ᰾⺞Ҷ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊Ⲵ޵⏥˖㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ᱟᤷ䘲ᓄӪት⧟ໍາਁኅ䎻࣯Ⲵ෾ᐲӔ䙊㌫㔏ˈԕᔪ䇮ᯩׯᆹޘǃ儈᭸⦷ǃվޜᇣǃᲟ㿲Ո㖾ǃᴹ࡙Ҿ⭏ᘱ઼⧟ໍາ؍ᣔǃԕޡޜӔ䙊ѪѫሬⲴཊݳॆ෾ᐲӔ䙊㌫㔏Ѫⴞḷˈԕ᧘ࣘ෾ᐲӔ䙊о෾ᐲᔪ䇮ॿ䈳ਁኅǃᨀ儈Ӕ䙊᭸⦷ǃ؍ᣔ෾ᐲশਢ᮷㜹৺Ր㔏仾䊼ǃ߰ॆ෾ᐲ⧟ໍາѪⴞⲴˈ䘀⭘、ᆖⲴᯩ⌅ǃᢰᵟǃ᧚ᯭ㩕䙐о෾ᐲ⽮Պ㓿⍾ਁኅ⴨䘲ᓄⲴ෾ᐲӔ䙊⧟ໍາDŽ䲿ਾˈѝഭ᭯ᓌ⴨㔗ࠪਠҶа㌫ࡇ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊᭯ㆆˈ㿱㺘1DŽ 䲿⵰≄ىਈॆо䍴Ⓚ⧟ໍາᖒ࣯Ⲵᰕ⳺ѕጫˈ㜭Ⓚо⧟ໍາᐢᡀѪᖃޘࡽ⨳ᴰѪޣ⌘Ⲵ䰞仈ѻаDŽѝഭᱟӔ䙊ᕪഭˈӔ䙊สᔪᇎ࣋亶ݸˈᯠ㜭Ⓚ⊭䖖ӗъਁኅ䗵䙏DŽᵚᶕⲴӔ䙊ࠪ㹼փ㌫⏥ⴆส⹰䇮ᯭǃ⊭䖖ǃ㜭Ⓚǃ䙊ؑǃབྷᮠᦞǃӁ䇑㇇ǃӪᐕᲪ㜭ㅹ਴亶ฏˈަਁኅ䴰㾱ᮤњ⭏ᘱ㌫㔏ѝ਴অݳⲴޘᯩսॿ਼DŽᯠᢰᵟ઼ᯠ⁑ᔿѪ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ਁኅᑖᶕᯠࣘ࣋ˈᴹࣙҾᨀ儈Ӕ䙊䘀㩕㓴㓷᭸⦷ˈ䱽վ㜭㙇ǃ⊑ḃ⢙ᧂ᭮Ⲵ⋫⨶ᢰᵟ≤ᒣ઼ᙫ䟿᧗ࡦ≤ᒣDŽᙫփ㘼䀰ˈ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊ᱟ㾱ሶ⭏ᘱ⧟؍⨶ᘥ䍟クӔ䙊ส⹰䇮ᯭ㿴ࡂǃᔪ䇮ǃ䘀㩕઼㇑⨶Ⲵޘ䗷〻ˈᔪᡀ㔃ᶴ㔯㢢ǃᢰᵟ㔯㢢ǃ㇑⨶㔯㢢Ⲵ㔯㢢Ӕ䙊䘀䗃փ㌫[6]DŽ Āаᑖа䐟ā⁚䐘ӊ⅗䶎བྷ䱶ˈ⋯㓯ഭᇦ⭡Ҿൠ䍘ᶴ䙐ǃൠ䊼Ṭተǃབྷ≄⧟⍱ǃ≤࠶ᗚ⧟ǃࣘἽ⢙փ㌫৺Ӫ㊫⍫ࣘᖒᡀањ༽ᵲཊṧǃ⴨ӂޣ㚄Ⲵ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາᮤփ઼⭏ᆈоਁኅⲴભ䘀ޡ਼փDŽ⋯㓯ഭᇦ⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາާᴹ᭿ᝏᙗ઼⊑ḃ䐘ໍາՐ䗃ㅹ⢩ᖱˈަь㾯єㄟ࡛࠶ᱟᘛ䙏໎䮯Ⲵьӊ㓿⍾സ઼ਁ䗮Ⲵ⅗⍢㓿⍾സˈѝ䰤ᱟ䍴Ⓚᇼ䳶ǃ⭏ᘱ⴨ሩ㜶ᕡǃ᭿ᝏǃ⹤⺾Ⲵབྷ䱶㞩ൠDŽ⋯㓯ഭᇦ䶒Ѥޡ਼ᓄሩޘ⨳≄ىਈॆǃ㕃䀓≤䍴Ⓚডᵪǃ䱢⋫⋉═ॆǃ⋫ ⨶䐘ໍາ⊑ḃǃ⎸䲔䍛ഠǃ亴䱢㠚❦⚮ᇣ৺⯛ᛵՐ᫝ㅹ䟽བྷ䍴Ⓚ⧟ໍາ仾䲙઼ਟᤱ㔝ਁኅ䳮仈DŽޘ⨳≄ىਈॆ઼Ӫ㊫⍫ࣘᴤ࣐ࢗҶĀаᑖа䐟ā⋯㓯ൠ४⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາⲴ᭿ᝏᓖDŽഐ↔ˈĀаᑖа䐟āᔪ䇮ߣн㜭䎠Ր㔏ⲴĀݸ⊑ḃˈਾ⋫⨶āⲴ㘱䐟ˈ㘼ᗵ享ඊᤱ⭏ᘱ᮷᰾⨶ᘥˈ؍ᣔ⋯㓯ൠ४⭏ᘱ⧟ໍາˈᔪ䇮Ӫо㠚❦઼䉀ޡ⭏Ⲵ㔯㢢Āаᑖа䐟āDŽ 2015ᒤਁᐳⲴlj᧘ࣘޡᔪэ㔨ѻ䐟㓿⍾ᑖ઼21ц㓚⎧кэ㔨ѻ䐟ⲴᝯᲟо㹼ࣘNJቡ᰾⺞