粮食和农业遗传资源获取和惠益分享：国别措施类型英文版

Access and Benefit-Sharing and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: Typology of Country Measures

Introduction

The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Commission) requested a survey of existing legislative, administrative, and policy approaches for access and benefit-sharing (ABS) for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) and traditional knowledge associated with GRFA (TKGRFA) held by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. The goal was to identify typical approaches and lessons learned, as well as challenges and potential solutions.

Survey Overview

In response to this request, the Secretariat conducted a survey to identify various types of legislative, administrative, or policy measures countries have taken to accommodate the distinctive features of GRFA and associated TKGRFA in their ABS measures. This survey was published in 2021 (Humphries et al. 2021).

Commission's Request

At the Eighteenth Regular Session in 2021, the Commission requested a stand-alone document providing specific examples of existing country legislative, administrative, or policy measures that directly or indirectly accommodate distinctive features of GRFA and associated TKGRFA. With support from the University of Bremen, the Secretariat produced a typology of ABS country measures reflecting the importance of GRFA, their special role for food security, and their distinctive features. These measures were reviewed by the Commission’s intergovernmental technical working groups and the Team of Technical and Legal Experts on Access and Benefit-sharing.

Final Document

At the Nineteenth Regular Session in 2023, the Commission took note of the typology of ABS country measures and requested the Secretariat to finalize the document and make it available on the Commission’s website. The document is intended to be a living document, periodically updated as needed.

Structure of ABS Measures

The typology follows the structure of the five key elements of ABS measures for GRFA identified in the Elements to Facilitate Access and Benefit-Sharing for Different Subsectors of Genetic Resources for Agriculture—With Explanatory Notes (ABS Elements) (FAO, 2019b):

1. Institutional Arrangements
2. Access to and Utilization of GRFA
3. Access to and Utilization of TKGRFA
4. Benefit-Sharing Relating to GRFA and TKGRFA
5. Monitoring and Compliance

Key Points

• Living Document: The document is a living document and will be periodically updated.
• Examples: The measures mentioned are examples and not an exhaustive compendium of all existing ABS country measures.
• Dynamic Nature: Developing and implementing ABS measures is ongoing, as is the development of the ABS Elements and the typology of ABS country measures.
• Non-Prescriptive: The typology reflects the wide range of options countries have with regard to regulating ABS for their genetic resources, aligning with the non-prescriptive nature of the ABS Elements.

References

• FAO. 2019a. Survey of existing legislative, administrative and policy approaches for access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture and traditional knowledge associated with GRFA held by Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
• FAO. 2019b. Elements to facilitate access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for agriculture—With explanatory notes.
• Humphries et al. 2021. Survey of access and benefit-sharing country measures accommodating the distinctive features of genetic resources for food and agriculture and associated traditional knowledge.
• FAO. 2021a. Commission’s request for a stand-alone document providing specific examples of existing country legislative, administrative or policy measures.
• FAO. 2023. Commission’s note on the typology of ABS country measures and request for finalization and periodic updates.