2023为自动驾驶汽车准备基础设施报告

Preparing Infrastructure for Automated Vehicles

Executive Summary

This report outlines the findings of an ITF Working Group focused on preparing transport infrastructure for autonomous mobility. The group met remotely between July 2020 and October 2021, with Michael Dnes and Martin Russ co-chairing the effort. The report highlights the evolving landscape of automated vehicles (AVs) and the critical need for infrastructure adaptation.

Purpose and Structure of This Report

The report aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers and infrastructure operators to prepare for the integration of AVs into existing transportation networks. It emphasizes the importance of considering both the physical infrastructure and the supporting digital infrastructure.

The Rise of Automated Vehicles

Automated vehicles are no longer a distant fantasy but a reality with increasing applications. While the full transition to Level 5 autonomy is still decades away, more modest applications are likely to dominate the near future. These applications require careful integration with existing road networks, presenting both opportunities and challenges.

Key Organizations Linking Automation and Infrastructure

Several organizations play crucial roles in advancing the integration of automated vehicles into infrastructure:

• International Transport Forum (ITF): An intergovernmental organization with 64 member countries, focusing on transport policy.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Provides broader economic and policy frameworks.
• TomTom: Provides digital mapping and traffic data.
• KPMG: Offers financial and strategic advice.
• Waymo: A subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., developing self-driving technology.
• Optimus Ride: Developing autonomous shuttle services.

Practical Challenges and Solutions

The report identifies several key areas where infrastructure needs to adapt:

1. Physical Infrastructure:

   • Roadway Design: Enhancing lanes, signs, and markings to accommodate AVs.
   • Intersections and Signalization: Improving traffic flow and safety.
   • Communication Systems: Implementing communication protocols between vehicles and infrastructure.

2. Digital Infrastructure:

   • V2X Communication: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication.
   • Data Management: Centralized data platforms for real-time traffic management.
   • Cybersecurity: Ensuring the security of connected systems.

3. Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks:

   • Legislation: Updating laws to accommodate autonomous vehicles.
   • Institutional Coordination: Strengthening collaboration between different agencies.

Conclusion

The report concludes that the historical remits of infrastructure operators will need to evolve to meet the demands of the future. Immediate and practical actions are necessary to facilitate the integration of automated vehicles, ensuring safe and efficient transportation systems. Continuous adaptation and learning are essential to harness the full potential of AVs.

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This summary captures the main points and key data from the report, providing a clear overview of the current state and future directions for preparing infrastructure for automated vehicles.