An energy sector roadmap to carbon neutrality in China

An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China

Abstract: In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China aims to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Given China's status as the world's largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, accounting for one-third of global CO2 emissions, the pace of its emissions reductions will significantly impact global efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C. This report, "An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China," outlines pathways for achieving carbon neutrality in China's energy sector, reflecting enhanced targets announced in 2020. The report also explores a faster transition scenario and its socio-economic benefits.

Key Findings:

1. Announced Pledges Scenario:

   • Reflects China's enhanced targets announced in 2020.
   • Focuses on long-term needs and technological challenges and opportunities.
   • Key areas include:
     • Energy Supply: Shift towards cleaner sources and improved efficiency.
     • Renewable Energy: Significant expansion of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
     • Transport: Increased adoption of electric vehicles and public transport.
     • Industry: Adoption of advanced technologies to reduce emissions.

2. Accelerated Transition Scenario:

   • Considers a faster transition to carbon neutrality.
   • Potential socio-economic benefits include job creation, technological advancements, and improved air quality.
   • Specific actions include:
     • Rapid deployment of renewable energy technologies.
     • Enhanced energy efficiency measures.
     • Increased investment in green infrastructure.

3. Technology Innovations:

   • Key focus areas include:
     • Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS):
       • Development and implementation of CCUS technologies to capture and store CO2 emissions.
     • Hydrogen Production and Usage:
       • Expansion of hydrogen production through electrolysis and use in various sectors.
     • Battery Technologies:
       • Advancements in battery storage to support renewable energy integration.
     • Building Efficiency:
       • Implementation of smart building systems to reduce energy consumption.

4. Policy Considerations:

   • Recommendations to inform China's energy debate include:
     • Strengthening regulatory frameworks:
       • Enhancing policies to promote clean energy and energy efficiency.
     • Investment in research and development:
       • Supporting innovation and technological advancements.
     • Public engagement and awareness:
       • Educating the public on the importance of transitioning to a low-carbon economy.

Acknowledgements:

• Prepared by the Energy Technology Policy Division of the International Energy Agency.
• Contributed by numerous experts from both domestic and international institutions.
• Financial support from Energy Foundation China, l'Agence Française de Développement, and the European Commission's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

This report provides a comprehensive roadmap for China to achieve carbon neutrality, emphasizing the importance of technology innovation and policy alignment.