Poland 2022

ENERGY POLICY REVIEW OF POLAND 2022

Overview

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has conducted a comprehensive review of Poland's energy policies since 1976. This review aims to enhance the reliability, affordability, and sustainability of energy in Poland and other member countries.

Executive Summary

• Energy and Climate Policy: Poland has been a strong supporter of the IEA since joining in 2008. Recent policy efforts have focused on transforming the energy system, particularly reducing coal's dominance in electricity generation and residential heating.
• Key Measures: The government has introduced ambitious programs for solar and wind energy, including the first planned nuclear reactor by 2033. It is also prioritizing a fair and just transition to manage potential adverse impacts on workers and regions reliant on coal production.
• Energy Security: Poland has reduced its dependence on natural gas from Russia, from 90% in 2010 to 55% in 2021, despite increased demand. The government is finalizing infrastructure projects to further diversify gas supply and plans to stop importing Russian oil by the end of the year.
• Challenges: Despite progress in clean energy and energy security, Poland remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Significant work is needed across all sectors to meet renewable energy and emission reduction targets.

Energy and Climate Change

• Energy-Related CO2 Emissions: The review highlights the need to reduce CO2 emissions, driven by energy-related activities.
• Climate Targets: Poland has set ambitious climate targets, including long-term strategies and carbon pricing mechanisms.
• Carbon Pricing: Implementation of carbon pricing is crucial for achieving climate goals.
• Methane Emissions: Reducing methane emissions is another key area for improvement.
• Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS): The review suggests investing in CCUS technologies to mitigate emissions.

Energy Efficiency

• Energy Demand: Efforts are being made to manage energy demand effectively.
• Targets: Specific targets for energy efficiency are outlined.
• Policies and Measures: Various policies and measures are in place to enhance energy efficiency.

Recommendations

• Transform Energy System: Accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.
• Enhance Energy Security: Further diversify energy sources and reduce reliance on Russian energy.
• Improve Energy Efficiency: Implement more effective energy efficiency policies and measures.
• Address Energy Poverty: Develop strategies to address energy poverty and ensure affordability.

Conclusion

Dr. Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the IEA, hopes that the recommendations will help Poland navigate the transformation of its energy system, fostering a low-carbon economy that benefits all citizens while maintaining energy security.