[IEA]：Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Poland 2011 update

Energy Source Composition: Oil remains the second biggest energy source in Poland, contributing 26% to the country's total primary energy supply (TPES) in 2009.
Oil Demand Growth: Oil demand increased from 411 kb/d in 2000 to 535 kb/d in 2009, with an annual average growth rate of 3%.
Transport Sector: The transport sector accounted for around 60% of total oil consumption in Poland in 2009.
Oil Production: Poland produces only a small amount of crude oil, with almost all crude oil imported. In 2009, oil imports were 558 kb/d, comprising 407 kb/d crude oil, 26 kb/d NGLs and feedstock, and 125 kb/d refined products. Russia was the main source, providing about 94% of crude oil imports.
Refining Capacity: Poland has six refineries with a total primary distillation capacity of around 580 kb/d. PKN Orlen and Grupa Lotos dominate the refining industry.

Stock Holding: Poland meets its stockholding obligation to the IEA and EU by holding 14 days of government stocks and placing a stockholding obligation on industry.
Stock Obligation: Liquid fuel producers and importers must hold 76 days of stock levels based on their production or imports of crude oil and liquid fuels from the previous calendar year.
Emergency Stocks: The Material Reserve Agency (MRA) manages state-owned oil emergency reserves and monitors the stockholding obligation on industry. Emergency oil stocks are central to Poland’s emergency response policy.
Demand Restraint: Demand restraint is considered a secondary response measure, introduced in a long-lasting and severe crisis.

Share in TPES: Natural gas accounts for 13% of Poland’s TPES in 2009.
Demand Growth: Gas demand steadily increased from 13.3 BCM (36.6 MCM/d) in 2000 to 15.8 BCM (43.4 MCM/d) in 2009, with an annual average growth rate of 2%.
Domestic Production: Poland produced 5.9 BCM (16 MCM/d) of natural gas in 2009, accounting for 37% of the country’s demand.
Imports: Total natural gas imports in 2009 amounted to 10 BCM (27.3 MCM/d), with Russia being the principal source, accounting for 82% of total gas imports.
Security Policy: Poland’s gas security policy includes diversification of supply sources and routes, development of natural gas infrastructures, expansion of underground storage capacity, and increase of domestic gas production.
Compulsory Stocks: Energy enterprises and importers are required to maintain 20 days of compulsory gas stocks in Poland in 2011, increasing to 30 days from October 2012. The maximum withdrawal rate from domestic storage facilities is 37 MCM/d, equivalent to 78% of average gas demand in 2009.

TPES Projections: Poland’s TPES is expected to reach 119 Mtoe in 2030, a 26% increase from 94 Mtoe in 2009.
Combined Oil and Gas Share: The combined shares of oil and gas in the TPES are anticipated to remain flat at around 40% in the coming 20 years.
Electricity Generation: Coal is the principal source of fuel for electricity generation, representing 90% of the total in 2009, while natural gas accounts for a mere 6%.

Oil Production (kb/d): 4.0 (1985), 3.0 (1990), 6.0 (1995), 14.5 (2000), 28.0 (2005), 28.0 (2008), 25.2 (2009), 20.1 (2010)
Oil Demand (kb/d): 316.9 (1985), 283.0 (1990), 317.6 (1995), 411.3 (2000), 470.9 (2005), 534.0 (2008), 534.9 (20

Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Poland 2011 update