耶路撒冷和以色列

The text discusses the 'trilemma' facing Israel, which refers to the three options: being a fully democratic state where all citizens have equal rights, being a state where Jews are the backbone of the state, or exercising sovereignty over both internationally recognized Israel and Palestinian territories. Only two of these can coexist at any given time. This trilemma has been brought to the forefront by the recent announcement by Trump to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital.

This move contradicts the idea that the city's final status should be decided as part of a comprehensive peace agreement, and encourages new settlement construction, potentially killing the idea of a "two-state solution". The document suggests that this scenario could also entail the sacrifice of Israel's democratic character.

The pressure of continuing occupation on Israel's democratic credentials is a concern for political forces and state institutions in Israel. This is why the country seeks ways to overcome this trilemma. For instance, the 2005 unilateral withdrawal from Gaza may have been an attempt to ease demographic pressures.

The US, through President Trump's son-in-law and advisor Jared Kushner, has been trying to persuade Arab allies to support a new peace deal. The proposal seems to involve recognizing Israel in exchange for the creation of an unconnected Palestinian state, without refugee return, and without shared Jerusalem as a capital. This plan is seen by some as a way to sidestep the trilemma, although it contradicts the viability principle of statehood.

The document concludes that while Israel is not the only one facing multiple choices, the situation has evolved into dilemmas. Arab allies of the US must decide how far they will go to satisfy the White House or Israel to secure their support against other threats. Europeans must decide whether to continue waiting for better conditions to revive peace talks or take unilateral actions like Sweden did in 2014. Palestinian politicians must choose between continuing to advocate for a "two-state solution" or changing tactics, possibly including demanding full responsibility from Israel as an occupying power and fighting for full citizenship for Palestinians.