CIDOB Opinion 639 from September 2020 discusses the United Nations' (UN) role and effectiveness in a world marked by multiple crises including pandemics, economic and social disparities, geopolitical tensions, and ongoing conflicts. The UN's historical achievements, particularly following World War II and the Cold War, are highlighted as moments of appreciation and optimism when there was consensus on a dominant vision.
The report notes that during these times, the UN was able to collaborate effectively, as needed after conflicts, and the victors shaped peace and a world view. However, in 2020, the absence of a clear leader or winner amidst the threat of a pandemic and the uncertainty it brings, has led to paralysis in multilateral agreements for over four decades. This has seen a return of the distrust characteristic of the Cold War era.
In the context of this challenging scenario, the document explores the future of multilateralism. It suggests that while the post-pandemic world might not see the same level of dominance and power exerted by the US, the UN could become more inclusive and global, promoting cooperation and dialogue among states. The report anticipates a less prominent but more diverse and representative multilateralism that is less dominated by the West.
Key points include:
- The UN's success often follows a period of war, driven by the need for cooperation and reconstruction.
- In the current world, with no clear global leader, multilateralism appears challenging due to the lack of consensus and the return of Cold War-like distrust.
- The pandemic and climate change offer an opportunity to imagine a new type of multilateralism that could be necessary even if overcoming a major catastrophe.
- The UN's future success will depend on its ability to adapt to a more multipolar world, reforming itself to write its history beyond New York's influence.
- Regional organizations like the EU, Africa Union, Arab League, and Asian countries could play a larger role, and China might lead initiatives like the Belt and Road project.
- The pandemic and climate change have made cooperation imperative, despite unequal impacts felt by different states.
The report calls for a reimagining of multilateralism that can adapt to the challenges of the 21st century, with the UN playing a pivotal role in fostering international cooperation in a more inclusive, globalized world.
