Chile is embarking on a historic constitutional process that marks a significant shift from the country's past, particularly from the era of the 1980 constitution under Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship. This new process was initiated following a decisive vote on October 25, 2020, where the majority (78.2%) opted for a direct election by citizens to create a new constitution. The choice of this method, which includes gender parity, signifies a democratic approach in resolving social conflicts.
The new constitution will not only address the country's political structure but also delve into broader issues such as the presidential system, the role of parliament, decentralization of administration, and state responsibility for social rights like health, education, and pensions. It also addresses workers' rights, indigenous people's recognition, and police reform following allegations of human rights violations.
This process represents a chance to restore the social pact and rebuild the democratic fabric in Chile, which has been fractured due to inequality, corruption, and lack of trust in institutions. The challenge lies in reaching cross-party agreements to ensure the constitution reflects a consensus among the nation rather than elite interests.
This new constitutional process is a unique opportunity for Chile and could potentially serve as a model for other countries facing similar challenges. The success of this process hinges on constructive dialogue between the government, civil society, and all sectors of society, especially those who have historically been marginalized. The ultimate goal is to reinforce democracy, transparency, and the rule of law, ensuring that all citizens feel empowered to claim their rights in a fair and equitable society.
Despite these prospects, the country faces significant challenges, including addressing the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic which has increased poverty and unemployment rates. The path towards a new constitution will require substantial effort and cooperation across all political forces, with a commitment to transparency and a willingness to listen to diverse voices.
