格拉斯哥 COP26 的气候正义 ： 在失望和暂时的希望之间

CIDOB Opinion 699 highlights the central role of climate justice at COP26 in Glasgow, both in official negotiations and public demonstrations. However, the Glasgow Climate Pact faced significant disappointment, especially due to the failure of developed countries to meet their $100 billion annual climate finance commitment to developing countries by 2020.

The pact's text offered cautious optimism for the future of climate justice on the UNFCCC agenda. It outlined a delivery plan for increased climate finance, more support for technical assistance on loss and damage, and initiated a "dialogue" on loss and damage financing. There was also progress on broader climate justice issues, such as ensuring a just transition in both the Global North and South, addressing legal liability for the climate crisis, and expanding the focus to include social, racial, and gender injustices exacerbated by climate change.

A key innovation was the Just Transition Declaration, which aimed to address the wider social injustices caused by climate change by advocating for procedural and distributive justice in green policymaking. This declaration was globally ambitious, calling for just transition principles to be applied in domestic climate plans and for climate funding to poorer countries to adhere to similar standards. It also sought to create decent and equitable employment with respect for human rights across global supply chains.

The Just Transition Declaration signaled growing political willingness to address climate justice issues, particularly within the EU and its member states. However, there is a question of translating this rhetoric into concrete policies and actions. The European Green Deal, presented as a sustainable growth strategy, serves as an example of this approach.

The implementation of climate justice initiatives faces the challenge of multilevel governance and action, emphasizing the importance of cooperation with and support for local governments and cities. Many cities are already implementing promising approaches to a just transition in sectors like housing, energy efficiency, and transport, fostering new forms of participation and inclusion.

While COP26 did not represent a breakthrough in climate justice, the pact's focus on loss and damage and just transition pledges offer some hope for addressing inequalities between rich and poor countries in both the Global North and South.