CIDOB Opinion 802 from June 2024 discusses the role of the European Union (EU) in the global technological landscape, comparing it with the United States and China. The EU is criticized for lacking large domestic tech giants, particularly in terms of market value and digital platform leadership. However, it stands out as a leader in technology regulation, with a history of imposing strict rules that have shifted in comparison to earlier accusations.
The EU's ability to regulate tech platforms without being accused of protectionism stems from its large internal market and the absence of significant European tech giants. This allows the EU to regulate content and structure effectively while avoiding criticism. In contrast, China and the US have used regulations more aggressively to protect their own tech industries, leading to concerns about protectionism.
The EU has demonstrated a unique approach to regulation, influenced by the growing emphasis on industrial policy and national security concerns. It can be seen as a "neutral" actor with legitimate intentions, pushing for higher standards and consumer protection against global tech giants. This is exemplified through legislative efforts like the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
The EU's regulatory ambitions might lead to a more citizen-centric digital model, differing from the free-market approach of the US and the state-driven model of China. New digital regulations aim to replicate the "Brussels effect" seen in privacy laws like the GDPR. However, there's a question of whether these ambitions will unify the global digital world or fragment it further.
Geopolitical considerations also play a role, especially given the escalating technology competition between the US and China. While the EU's role as a regulatory superpower could potentially shape a digital model, questions arise regarding its compatibility with community-wide regulatory zeal. Factors such as market fragmentation, lack of venture capital, and challenges in attracting and retaining tech talent may influence innovation differently than regulation.
In conclusion, the EU's unique position in the global tech landscape offers both opportunities and challenges. Its regulatory efforts aim to create a more balanced digital environment, but the effectiveness of these policies depends on a complex interplay of economic, political, and technological factors.
