Impact Evaluation of Road Improvements: Baseline Survey in Maharashtra State of India

IMPACTEVALUATION OFROADIMPROVEMENTS BASELINESURVEYINMAHARASHTRASTATEOFINDIA RikaIdei,MasahiroNishimura,TakashiYamano,NiklasSieber,PradyumnaKumarKar,MuraliKrishnaGumma,andPranayPanjala NO.101 June2024 ADBSOUTHASIAWORKINGPAPERSERIES ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK ADBSouthAsiaWorkingPaperSeries ImpactEvaluationofRoadImprovements:BaselineSurveyinMaharashtraStateofIndia RikaIdei,MasahiroNishimura,TakashiYamano,NiklasSieber,PradyumnaKumarKar, MuraliKrishnaGumma,andPranayPanjalaNo.101|June2024 RikaIdeiisatransportspecialist,MasahiroNishimuraisaprincipalruraldevelopmentspecialist, TakashiYamanoisaprincipaleconomistfromtheAsianDevelopmentBank. TheADBSouthAsiaWorkingPaperSeriespresentsongoingandrecentlycompletedresearchandpolicystudiesmeanttoenhancegreaterunderstandingofandpromotedialogueoncurrentimportanteconomicanddevelopmentissuesinSouthAsia.Theviewsexpressed arethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesofADBor itsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. NiklasSieberandPradyumnaKumarKarareindependentconsultants. MuraliKrishnaGummaandPranayPanjalaarefromtheInternationalCropsResearchInstitutefortheSemi-AridTropics. ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO) ©2024AsianDevelopmentBank 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2024.ISSN2313-5867(print),2313-5875(PDF) PublicationStockNo.WPS240332-2 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS240332-2 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicareainthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. ThispublicationisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo. TheADBSouthAsiaWorkingPaperSeriesisaforumforongoingandrecentlycompletedresearchandpolicystudiesundertakeninADBoronitsbehalf.ItismeanttoenhancegreaterunderstandingofcurrentimportanteconomicanddevelopmentissuesinSouthAsia,promotepolicydialogueamongstakeholders,andfacilitatereformsanddevelopmentmanagement. TheADBSouthAsiaWorkingPaperSeriesisaquick-disseminating,informalpublicationwhosetitlescouldsubsequentlyberevisedforpublicationasarticlesinprofessionaljournalsorchaptersinbooks.TheseriesismaintainedbytheSouthAsiaDepartment.TheserieswillbemadeavailableontheADBwebsiteandonhardcopy. CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollarand“₹”referstoIndianrupee. ADBrecognizes“Laos”astheLaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublicand“Vietnam”asVietNam. CONTENTS TABLES,FIGURES,ANDBOXiv ACKNOWLEDGMENTSv ABBREVIATIONSvi ABSTRACTvii I.INTRODUCTION1 II.LITERATUREREVIEW3 III.SOCIOECONOMICCONTEXTSOFMAHARASHTRASTATE5 IV.DATASETCONSTRUCTEDFOREMPIRICALANALYSIS6 V.METHODOLOGYFORTHEEND-LINESURVEYANDANALYSIS13 A.Difference-in-DifferencesTechniques13 B.ProposedImpactEvaluationApproachUsingSpatialImageAnalysis14 C.IndicatorsforImpactEvaluation17 D.MitigationofContamination21 VI.WAYSFORWARD22 APPENDIXES23 1CharacteristicsofHousehold-LevelSurveyRespondents23 2AverageHouseholdSizeofSurveyRespondents27 3EducationalBackgroundsofSurveyRespondents28 4AverageAnnualHouseholdIncomeandExpensesper36 CapitaofSurveyedHouseholds 5OwnershipofTransportAssets38 6OwnershipofLandsforFarmingActivities42 REFERENCES50 TABLES,FIGURES,ANDBOX TABLES 1 ImpactEvaluationStudiesforRuralRoadDevelopmentInterventions 4 2 ClassificationofHousehold-LevelSurveyRespondents 7 3 StatusofSurveyRespondentsinTheirHouseholds 8 4 SummaryoftheDistrict-LevelAverageHouseholdSizeofSurveyRespondents 8 5 SummaryoftheOwnershipofTransportAssets 11 6 SummaryoftheOwnershipofLandforFarmingActivities 12 7 MatchingVariables 14 A1 CharacteristicsofHousehold-LevelSurveyRespondents 23 A2 AverageHouseholdSizeofSurveyRespondents 27 A3.1 Educatio