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日本的创业公司和风险投资：如何成长（英）2024

金融2024-07-15IMFd***

AI智能总结

Startups and Venture Capital in Japan: How to Grow

Introduction

Growth and Support: Japan's startup ecosystem has seen gradual growth, bolstered by the government's "Startup Development Five-Year Plan" and increased interest from foreign venture capitalists.
Key Factors: The plan focuses on enhancing human resources for startups, strengthening funding mechanisms, and promoting open innovation.
National Perspective: Despite progress, Japan's venture capital equity funding represents a smaller proportion of GDP compared to peers.

Stylized Facts

Global Position: Tokyo ranks among the top 20 cities globally for venture capital ecosystems, notably for deep-tech R&D investments.
Geographical Concentration: Approximately 80% of total venture capital funding in Japan is concentrated in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
Industrial Composition: Most startups are in the information technology sector, followed by healthcare and business products/services. There's a slight regional difference with a higher IT/SaaS presence in Japan.
Investor Profile: Over 50% of investments in Japanese startups come from U.S. investors, with U.K. investors accounting for around 10%. Japanese investors' share has significantly decreased.
Corporate Ventures: Corporate venture capital (CVC) plays a crucial role, accounting for over 60% of deals between 2015-2022, particularly in later-stage startups.

Empirical Analyses

Aggregate Country-Level Analysis: Studies indicate the importance of firm dynamism and entrepreneurship in supporting capital investment and firm valuations.
Firm-Level Analysis: Equity funding is shown to facilitate innovation, growth, and successful exits for startups. The impact of funding on exit success is more pronounced in cultures that favor risk-taking.

Policy Implications

Strengthening Funding Mechanisms: Enhancing access to capital for startups, especially through diversifying funding sources and improving the exit landscape.
Cultivating Entrepreneurship: Fostering a culture that supports risk-taking and innovation, aligning with the characteristics of successful startups globally.
Leveraging Corporate VCs: Utilizing the extensive cash reserves of large corporations to further support startup growth and innovation.
Enhancing Human Resources: Developing skills and networks essential for creating and scaling startups, particularly focusing on human resource development abroad.

References

PitchBook
"Startup Development Five-Year Plan", Cabinet Secretariat

This overview highlights the current state of Japan's startup ecosystem, emphasizing its growth, challenges, and strategic areas for improvement. Key takeaways include the role of government initiatives, the dominance of foreign investors, the significance of corporate ventures, and the importance of fostering entrepreneurial culture and access to capital.

StartupsandVentureCapitalinJapan:HowtoGrow Japan SalihFendogluandTengTengXu SIP/2024/027 IMFSelectedIssuesPapersarepreparedbyIMFstaffasbackgrounddocumentationforperiodicconsultationswithmembercountries.ItisbasedontheinformationavailableatthetimeitwascompletedonApril15,2024.ThispaperisalsopublishedseparatelyasIMFCountryReportNo24/119. 2024 JUN ©2024InternationalMonetaryFundSIP/2024/027 IMFSelectedIssuesPaper AsiaandPacificDepartment StartupsandVentureCapitalinJapan:HowtoGrowPreparedbySalihFendogluandTengTengXu AuthorizedfordistributionbyRanilSalgado June2024 IMFSelectedIssuesPapersarepreparedbyIMFstaffasbackgrounddocumentationforperiodicconsultationswithmembercountries.ItisbasedontheinformationavailableatthetimeitwascompletedonApril15,2024.ThispaperisalsopublishedseparatelyasIMFCountryReportNo24/119. ABSTRACT:ThestartupecosysteminJapanhasseengradualgrowth,supportedbythegovernment’srecent"StartupDevelopmentFive-YearPlan"andasignificantinterestfromoverseasventurecapital.ThispaperlaysoutthestartupfinancingecosysteminJapan,withcomparisontointernationalpeers,andstudiespotentialdriversofstartupfinancingandtheirrelevanceforstartups’performance.Theresults,basedoncountry-levelaggregateanalysis,underscorethecriticalroleoffirmdynamismandentrepreneurshipinsupportingcapitalinvestmentandfirmvaluations.Furtheranalysesatthefirmlevelsuggestthatequityfundinghelpsstartupsinnovate,grow,andsuccessfullyexit.Moreover,theimpactoffundingonthelikelihoodofasuccessfulexitappearstobehigherinculturesthatseemtorewardrisktaking. RECOMMENDEDCITATION:S.FendogluandT.Xu.2024.“StartupsandVentureCapitalinJapan:HowtoGrow.”IMFSelectedIssuesPaper(SIP/2024/027).Washington,D.C.:InternationalMonetaryFund. JELClassificationNumbers: G24;O30;O38;C33 Keywords: Startups,venturecapital,Japan,firmdynamics. Author’sE-MailAddress: sfendoglu@imf.org;txu@imf.org SELECTEDISSUESPAPERS StartupsandVentureCapitalinJapan:HowtoGrow Japan PreparedbySalihFendogluandTengTengXu1 1“Theauthor(s)wouldliketothankKaustubhChahandeforexcellentresearchassistance.WeappreciateusefulcommentsfromYanCarriere-SwallowandseminarparticipantsattheMinistryofFinanceofJapan. April15,2024 JAPAN SELECTEDISSUES PreparedBySalihFendoglu(MCM)andTengTengXu(APD). ApprovedBy AsiaandPacificDepartment CONTENTS STARTUPSANDVENTURECAPITALINJAPAN:HOWTOGROW2 A.Introduction2 B.StylizedFacts3 C.AggregateCountry-LevelAnalysis5 D.Firm-LevelAnalysis7 E.PolicyImplications11 TABLES 1.CapitalInvestmentandStructuralCharacteristics6 2.ValuationsandStructuralCharacteristics6 3.DoesAvailabilityofFundingAffectStartupPerformance?(GlobalSample)10 4.DoesAvailabilityofFundingAffectStartupPerformance?(Japan)10 5.DoesRiskCultureMatterforStartupExit?11References13 STARTUPSANDVENTURECAPITALINJAPAN:HOWTOGROW1 ThestartupecosysteminJapanhasseengradualgrowth,supportedbythegovernment’srecent"StartupDevelopmentFive-YearPlan"andasignificantinterestfromoverseasventurecapital.ThispaperlaysoutthestartupfinancingecosysteminJapan,withcomparisontointernationalpeers,andstudiespotentialdriversofstartupfinancingandtheirrelevanceforstartups’performance.Theresults,basedoncountry-levelaggregateanalysis,underscorethecriticalroleoffirmdynamismandentrepreneurshipinsupportingcapitalinvestmentandfirmvaluations.Furtheranalysesatthefirmlevelsuggestthatequityfundinghelpsstartupsinnovate,grow,andsuccessfullyexit.Moreover,theimpactoffundingonthelikelihoodofasuccessfulexitappearstobehigherinculturesthatseemtorewardrisktaking. A.Introduction 1.Japan’sstartupecosystemhasgrowngraduallyinrecentyears,butwithscopeforfurtherexpansion.StartupsinJapantendtobe smallercomparedwiththoseintheUnitedStates(U.S.),China,andtheUnitedKingdom,witharelativelylowernumberofunicornswithvaluationaboveUS$1billion.2Onventurecapital(VC)funding,Tokyohasemergedtobeatop20locationfortheVCecosystemglobally,3withthelargestshareofstartupfundingindeep-techresearchanddevelopmentsectors.However,atthenationallevel,Japan’sventurecapitalequityfundingremainsrelativelysmallasashareofGDPcomparedwithpeers. 2.Thegovernmentcontinuestosupportstartupsandventurecapitalfundingthroughthe“StartupDevelopmentFive-YearPlan”.Theplanfocusesonthreemainpillars:1)buildinghumanresourcesandnetworksforcreatingstartups;2)strengtheningfundingforstartupsanddiversifyingexitstrategies;and3)promotingopeninnovation.4Theauthoritieshavesetup 1PreparedbySalihFendoglu(MCM)andTengTengXu(APD).WethankKaustubhChahandeforexcellentresearchassistance.WeappreciateusefulcommentsfromYanCarriere-SwallowandseminarparticipantsattheMinistryofFinanceofJapan. 2ThenumberofunicornsinJapanstoodat7in2023,comparedwith653intheU.S.Similarly,thevaluationofunicornsinJapanwasaboutUS$9.8billionin2023,comparedwithUS$2trillionintheU.S.SeeCBInsights,“TheCompleteListofUnicornCompanies”.AnecdotalevidencesuggeststhatJapanesestartupstendtoexitearlierthanpeersasitisrelativelyeasytoraisefundsthroughtheTokyoStockExchange,whichmayhavecontributedtotherelativelylowernumberofunicorns. 3SeePitchBook(2023a),“GlobalVCEcosystemRankings”. 4See“StartupDevelopmentFive-Year

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