CCUS in the Indian Cement Industry: A Review of CO2 Hubs and Storage Facilities

JUNE2024 CCUSINTHEINDIANCEMENTINDUSTRYAREVIEWOFCO2 HUBSANDSTORAGEFACILITIES CONTENTS 1.0INTRODUCTION4 2.0CURRENTSTATUSOFTHEINDIANCEMENTINDUSTRY6 3.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESININDIA7 3.1BASINASSESSMENT7 4.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFSALINEFORMATIONS13 4.1OVERVIEWOFEXISTINGSTUDIES13 4.2RESULTSANDDISCUSSION:SALINEFORMATIONS14 4.3APPLICABILITYANDLIMITATIONS16 5.0POTENTIALSALINEFORMATIONS17 5.1KRISHNA-GODAVARIBASIN17 5.2MUMBAIOFFSHOREBASIN19 5.3RAJASTHANBASIN20 5.4CAUVERYBASIN22 5.5ASSAM-ARAKANBASIN23 5.6CAMBAYBASIN25 6.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFCONVENTIONALOILANDGASFIELDS27 6.1RESULTSANDDISCUSSION-CONVENTIONALOILFIELDS27 6.2RESULTSANDDISCUSSION:CONVENTIONALGASFIELDS30 6.3APPLICABILITY&LIMITATIONS33 7.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFBASALTS34 8.0MATCHINGCO2EMISSIONSOURCESWITHSTORAGEOPPORTUNITIESININDIA35 8.1CARBONCAPTUREININDIA35 8.2REVIEWOFSOURCE-TO-STORAGEMATCHINGININDIA36 9.0INDIACEMENTHUBS38 10.0TECHNO-ECONOMICANALYSIS42 10.1LIMITATIONSOFCOSTESTIMATES43 10.2COSTOFCAPTURE44 10.3COSTOFTRANSPORT47 11.0CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS52 11.1CEMENTINDUSTRYANDCARBONCAPTURE52 11.2STORAGE52 11.3CAPTUREANDTRANSPORT53 11.4FURTHERSTUDYPHASES54 12.0APPENDIX–METHODOLOGIES55 12.1METHODOLOGY:SALINEFORMATIONRESOURCECALCULATION55 12.2METHODOLOGY:CONVENTIONALOIL57 13.0REFERENCES58 Figures Figure1EmissionsReductionRoadmap. Figure2SedimentarybasinsofIndia. Figure3ProducingconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Figure4DiscoveredconventionaloilfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure5ProducingconventionalgasfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure6DiscoveredconventionalgasfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure7GeneralisedgeologicalsectionofKrishna-Godavaribasin. Figure8GeneralisedlithostratigraphyoftheMumbaiOffshoreBasin. Figure9GeneralisedlithostratigraphymapoftheBarmer-SanchorSub-basin. Figure10StratigraphyandbasinhistoryoftheCauveryBasin. Figure11LithostratigraphyoftheUpperAssamBasin. Figure12LithostratigraphyoftheAssamShelf. Figure13GeneralisedStratigraphyoftheCambayBasin. Figure14Well-to-wellcorrelationoftheOlpadFormation. Figure15StorageresourcesofstudiedconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Figure16CO2storageresourcesinstudiedconventionaloilfieldsinIndia.Onlyfivefieldsofferstorageresources(P50values)exceeding20Mt,makingthemsuitableformediumtolarge-scalecarboncaptureandstorageprojects. Figure17StorageresourcesofstudiedconventionalgasfieldsinIndia.ThebarsshowninbluerepresentAnnouncedfields,thoseinorangerepresentPlannedfields,andthoseingreenrepresentproducingfields. Figure18CO2storageresourcesinstudiedconventionalgasfieldsinIndia.Twelvefieldsofferstorageresources(P50values)exceeding20Mt,makingthemsuitableformediumtolarge-scalecarboncaptureandstorageprojects. Figure19DensitymapofwellsacrossIndia. Figure20ContinentalFloodBasaltsofIndia. Figure21CementmapofIndia.AsofNovember2022. Figure22CementfacilitiesinIndiawithclusteranalysisresults. Figure23ClusteranalysisresultswithCategory1basinsshown. Figure24BreakdownoffixedoperatingcostsfromtheEdmontonStudy. Figure25ProposedhublayoutintheKrishna-GodavariBasin. Figure26Proposedhubpipelinelayoutwithpipelinesegmentsidentified Tables Table1Indiansedimentarybasinsandtheirexplorationstatus.Thetablepresentsthecumulativecountoffields,categorisedbystatus,includingproducing,abandoned,announced,discovered,andplanned. Table2StatusofconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Table3StatusofconventionalgasfieldsinIndia. Table4EstimatednetCO2storageresourcesinsalineformationsinIndia. Table5Netstorageresourceofsalineformationsineachbasin.Table6FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table7FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table8FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table9FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table10FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table11FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table12Conventionaloilfieldswiththehigheststorageresources. Table13StorageresourcesincurrentlyProducing,Announced,andPlannedconventionaloilfieldsineachbasin. Table14Conventionalgasfieldswithhigheststorageresources. Table15StorageresourcesincurrentlyProducing,Announced,andPlannedconventionalgasfieldsineachbasin. Table16InventoryofSource-SinkMatchingorPotentialHubsinIndia Table17ResultsofclusteringanalysisbyDBSCAN. Table18FacilitiesintheKrishna-GodavariBasinhub. Table19Basisinformationforthecarboncapturecapitalandoperatingcostestimates.Table20FacilitiesintheMandapetaFormationHubincludingthecostofcaptureTable21Krishna-Godavarihubpipelinesegmentandoverallhubcosts Table22Individualcementplantwithcarboncaptureandstoragecasepipelinecost. Table23Parametersforstorageefficiencyinsalineformationsatbasinscale. Table24ParametersusedintheMonteCarlosimulationtoestimatestorageresourcesperbasin. Table25ParametersusedintheMonteCarlosimulationtoestimatestorageresourcesperfield. 1.0INTRODUCTION Indiahascommittedtoachievingnetzeroby2070,andtoachieve50%electricitygenerationfromrenewablesourcesby2030.India’seconomicgrowthoverthepasttwodecadeshasbeenamongthehighes