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CCUS in the Indian Cement Industry: A Review of CO2 Hubs and Storage Facilities

信息技术2024-06-26全球碳捕集与封存研究院A***

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CCUS in the Indian Cement Industry Overview

Introduction

The Indian cement industry aims to align with global decarbonization goals, specifically targeting net-zero emissions by 2070 and a 50% share of renewable energy in electricity generation by 2030. This sector, heavily reliant on fossil fuels for industrial growth, contributes significantly to India's greenhouse gas emissions.

Current Status of the Indian Cement Industry

Fossil Energy Dependence: Oil and coal serve as foundational energy sources for industrial development and modernization.
Rapid Growth: India's economic expansion has led to substantial fossil energy consumption, ranking it among the world's top three greenhouse gas emitters.

CO2 Storage Resources in India

Basin Assessment: Evaluation of sedimentary basins across India for CO2 storage potential.
Saline Formations: Detailed assessment of existing studies, results, and limitations related to saline formations.
Potential Saline Formations: Examination of specific basins (Krishna-Godavari, Mumbai Offshore, Rajastan, Cauvery, Assam-Arakan, and Cambay) for CO2 storage capacity.
Conventional Oil and Gas Fields: Analysis of CO2 storage resources within conventional oil and gas fields, identifying key formations and fields suitable for large-scale projects.
Basalts: Exploration of CO2 storage opportunities in basalts, a type of volcanic rock.

Cement Industry and Carbon Capture

Mitigation Pathway: CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) is considered essential for reducing emissions in the cement sector, particularly given the high percentage of global and Indian CO2 emissions attributed to cement production.
Growth Projections: Anticipated growth in cement production, especially under various scenarios, is expected to increase CO2 emissions significantly.

Indian Cement Hubs

Location Analysis: Utilization of geographical data to identify potential CO2 capture and storage hubs.
Cluster Analysis: Identification of areas with high CO2 emission sources that align with suitable storage opportunities.

Techno-Economic Analysis

Cost Estimation Limitations: Discussion of challenges in accurately estimating project costs.
Capture Costs: Examination of the costs associated with capturing CO2.
Transport Costs: Analysis of expenses related to transporting captured CO2 to storage locations.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Industry and Carbon Capture: Emphasizes the pivotal role of CCUS in the cement industry's transition towards sustainable practices.
Storage: Highlights the importance of effective CO2 storage solutions to complement carbon capture technologies.
Capture and Transport: Recommends prioritizing research and development in these areas to enhance CCUS implementation.
Further Study Phases: Suggests ongoing research to refine CCUS strategies and improve environmental outcomes.

Key Takeaways

This comprehensive study underscores the critical role of CCUS in addressing the significant carbon footprint of the Indian cement industry. By leveraging existing geological resources and advancements in technology, India can significantly contribute to global climate goals through innovative and sustainable practices in cement production.

JUNE2024 CCUSINTHEINDIANCEMENTINDUSTRYAREVIEWOFCO2 HUBSANDSTORAGEFACILITIES CONTENTS 1.0INTRODUCTION4 2.0CURRENTSTATUSOFTHEINDIANCEMENTINDUSTRY6 3.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESININDIA7 3.1BASINASSESSMENT7 4.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFSALINEFORMATIONS13 4.1OVERVIEWOFEXISTINGSTUDIES13 4.2RESULTSANDDISCUSSION:SALINEFORMATIONS14 4.3APPLICABILITYANDLIMITATIONS16 5.0POTENTIALSALINEFORMATIONS17 5.1KRISHNA-GODAVARIBASIN17 5.2MUMBAIOFFSHOREBASIN19 5.3RAJASTHANBASIN20 5.4CAUVERYBASIN22 5.5ASSAM-ARAKANBASIN23 5.6CAMBAYBASIN25 6.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFCONVENTIONALOILANDGASFIELDS27 6.1RESULTSANDDISCUSSION-CONVENTIONALOILFIELDS27 6.2RESULTSANDDISCUSSION:CONVENTIONALGASFIELDS30 6.3APPLICABILITY&LIMITATIONS33 7.0CO2STORAGERESOURCESOFBASALTS34 8.0MATCHINGCO2EMISSIONSOURCESWITHSTORAGEOPPORTUNITIESININDIA35 8.1CARBONCAPTUREININDIA35 8.2REVIEWOFSOURCE-TO-STORAGEMATCHINGININDIA36 9.0INDIACEMENTHUBS38 10.0TECHNO-ECONOMICANALYSIS42 10.1LIMITATIONSOFCOSTESTIMATES43 10.2COSTOFCAPTURE44 10.3COSTOFTRANSPORT47 11.0CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS52 11.1CEMENTINDUSTRYANDCARBONCAPTURE52 11.2STORAGE52 11.3CAPTUREANDTRANSPORT53 11.4FURTHERSTUDYPHASES54 12.0APPENDIX–METHODOLOGIES55 12.1METHODOLOGY:SALINEFORMATIONRESOURCECALCULATION55 12.2METHODOLOGY:CONVENTIONALOIL57 13.0REFERENCES58 Figures Figure1EmissionsReductionRoadmap. Figure2SedimentarybasinsofIndia. Figure3ProducingconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Figure4DiscoveredconventionaloilfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure5ProducingconventionalgasfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure6DiscoveredconventionalgasfieldsinIndiawiththebasinandnumberoffieldslabelled.Figure7GeneralisedgeologicalsectionofKrishna-Godavaribasin. Figure8GeneralisedlithostratigraphyoftheMumbaiOffshoreBasin. Figure9GeneralisedlithostratigraphymapoftheBarmer-SanchorSub-basin. Figure10StratigraphyandbasinhistoryoftheCauveryBasin. Figure11LithostratigraphyoftheUpperAssamBasin. Figure12LithostratigraphyoftheAssamShelf. Figure13GeneralisedStratigraphyoftheCambayBasin. Figure14Well-to-wellcorrelationoftheOlpadFormation. Figure15StorageresourcesofstudiedconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Figure16CO2storageresourcesinstudiedconventionaloilfieldsinIndia.Onlyfivefieldsofferstorageresources(P50values)exceeding20Mt,makingthemsuitableformediumtolarge-scalecarboncaptureandstorageprojects. Figure17StorageresourcesofstudiedconventionalgasfieldsinIndia.ThebarsshowninbluerepresentAnnouncedfields,thoseinorangerepresentPlannedfields,andthoseingreenrepresentproducingfields. Figure18CO2storageresourcesinstudiedconventionalgasfieldsinIndia.Twelvefieldsofferstorageresources(P50values)exceeding20Mt,makingthemsuitableformediumtolarge-scalecarboncaptureandstorageprojects. Figure19DensitymapofwellsacrossIndia. Figure20ContinentalFloodBasaltsofIndia. Figure21CementmapofIndia.AsofNovember2022. Figure22CementfacilitiesinIndiawithclusteranalysisresults. Figure23ClusteranalysisresultswithCategory1basinsshown. Figure24BreakdownoffixedoperatingcostsfromtheEdmontonStudy. Figure25ProposedhublayoutintheKrishna-GodavariBasin. Figure26Proposedhubpipelinelayoutwithpipelinesegmentsidentified Tables Table1Indiansedimentarybasinsandtheirexplorationstatus.Thetablepresentsthecumulativecountoffields,categorisedbystatus,includingproducing,abandoned,announced,discovered,andplanned. Table2StatusofconventionaloilfieldsinIndia. Table3StatusofconventionalgasfieldsinIndia. Table4EstimatednetCO2storageresourcesinsalineformationsinIndia. Table5Netstorageresourceofsalineformationsineachbasin.Table6FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table7FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table8FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table9FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table10FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table11FormationsthatarepotentiallysuitableforCO2storage.Table12Conventionaloilfieldswiththehigheststorageresources. Table13StorageresourcesincurrentlyProducing,Announced,andPlannedconventionaloilfieldsineachbasin. Table14Conventionalgasfieldswithhigheststorageresources. Table15StorageresourcesincurrentlyProducing,Announced,andPlannedconventionalgasfieldsineachbasin. Table16InventoryofSource-SinkMatchingorPotentialHubsinIndia Table17ResultsofclusteringanalysisbyDBSCAN. Table18FacilitiesintheKrishna-GodavariBasinhub. Table19Basisinformationforthecarboncapturecapitalandoperatingcostestimates.Table20FacilitiesintheMandapetaFormationHubincludingthecostofcaptureTable21Krishna-Godavarihubpipelinesegmentandoverallhubcosts Table22Individualcementplantwithcarboncaptureandstoragecasepipelinecost. Table23Parametersforstorageefficiencyinsalineformationsatbasinscale. Table24ParametersusedintheMonteCarlosimulationtoestimatestorageresourcesperbasin. Table25ParametersusedintheMonteCarlosimulationtoestimatestorageresourcesperfield. 1.0INTRODUCTION Indiahascommittedtoachievingnetzeroby2070,andtoachieve50%electricitygenerationfromrenewablesourcesby2030.India’seconomicgrowthoverthepasttwodecadeshasbeenamongthehighes

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