The Indian cement industry has a current thermal substitution rate (TSR) of about 1%, but TSR levels as high as 60% have been achieved in some developed nations. This paper discusses the most promising alternative fuels (AF) in the context of the Indian cement industry, including an assessment of their potential availability and impact on clinker quality and plant operations. The paper also discusses the barriers limiting the TSR in India to a mere 1%, and highlights action plans needed to overcome technical, financial, and regulatory barriers to the growth of AF usage. The paper is based on findings and observations derived through various studies conducted by HOLTEC on co-processing of AF in India and Saudi Arabia.
