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童工报告

轻工制造2024-07-08联合国华***

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Executive Summary

Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward provides an update on the global efforts to eradicate child labor, focusing on the scale and characteristics of child labor in 2020. Co-published by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), this report builds on previous estimations from 2000, utilizing data from over 100 national household surveys covering approximately two-thirds of the global population aged 5 to 17.

Key Findings

Global Estimates: At the start of 2020, it was estimated that 160 million children globally (accounting for nearly 1 in 10 of all children) were engaged in child labor, with 63 million being girls and 97 million being boys.
Trends: Global progress towards eliminating child labor has stagnated since 2016. Over the four-year period, the percentage of children in child labor remained unchanged, while the absolute number of child laborers increased by over 8 million. Similarly, the percentage of children in hazardous work (work directly endangering health, safety, and moral development) stayed constant, yet the absolute number rose by 6.5 million children.
Geographical Variations: Progress against child labor in Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean showed downward trends over the last four years in terms of both percentage and absolute numbers. However, sub-Saharan Africa continues to witness an increase in both the number and percentage of children in child labor since 2012, with more children now engaged in child labor in this region compared to previous years.

Implications and Recommendations

The findings highlight the need for urgent action to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child labor, as the crisis is expected to push millions more children into the workforce. Without significant intervention, the timeline for eradicating child labor could extend well beyond the previously targeted 2025 deadline. The report underscores the importance of scaling up efforts and resources to address this persistent issue globally.

Methodology

The global estimates are derived through the extrapolation of data from national household surveys, reflecting the current state of child labor in the world as of early 2020.

Conclusion

The report serves as a critical reality check on the progress towards achieving the international commitment to eliminate child labor by 2025. It emphasizes the necessity for immediate, substantial actions to prevent further increases in child labor and to ensure a more equitable future for all children.

CHILDLABOUR GLOBALESTIMATES2020,TRENDSANDTHEROADFORWARD ©UNICEF/UNI123128/Khan Copyright©InternationalLabourOrganizationandUnitedNationsChildren’sFund2021 ThisisanopenaccessworkdistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Userscanreuse,share,adaptandbuildupontheoriginalwork,asdetailedintheLicense.TheInternationalLabourOffice(ILO)andtheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)mustbeclearlycreditedastheownersoftheoriginalwork.TheuseoftheemblemsorlogosoftheILOandUNICEFisnotpermittedinconnectionwithusers’work. Suggestedcitation.InternationalLabourOfficeandUnitedNationsChildren’sFund,ChildLabour:Globalestimates2020,trendsandtheroadforward,ILOandUNICEF,NewYork,2021.License:CCBY4.0. Translations–Incaseofatranslationofthiswork,thefollowingdisclaimermustbeaddedalongwiththeattribution:ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheInternationalLabourOffice(ILO)ortheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)andshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialILOorUNICEFtranslation.TheILOandUNICEFarenotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation. Adaptations–Incaseofanadaptationofthiswork,thefollowingdisclaimermustbeaddedalongwiththeattribution:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbytheInternationalLabourOffice(ILO)andtheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF).ResponsibilityfortheviewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationrestssolelywiththeauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbytheILOorUNICEF. UNICEFphotographs–UNICEFphotographsarecopyrightedandarenottobereproducedinanymediumwithoutobtainingpriorwrittenpermission.Permissionsmaybegranteduponrequestforone-timeuseinacontextthataccuratelyrepresentstherealsituationandidentityofallhumanbeingsdepicted.UNICEFphotographsarenottobeusedinanycommercialcontext;contentmaynotbedigitallyalteredtochangemeaningorcontext;assetsmaynotbearchivedbyanynon-UNICEFentity.RequestsforpermissiontoreproduceUNICEFphotographsshouldbeaddressedtoUNICEF,DivisionofCommunication,3UnitedNationsPlaza,NewYork10017,USA(email:nyhqdoc.permit@unicef.org). ILOISBN:978-92-2-034878-9(print);978-92-2-034879-6(webPDF)UNICEFISBN:978-92-806-5239-0(print);978-92-806-5240-6(webPDF) ThedesignationsemployedinILOandUNICEFpublications,whichareinconformitywithUnitedNationspractice,andthepresentationofmaterialthereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheILOorUNICEFconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,areaorterritoryorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiers. Theresponsibilityforopinionsexpressedinsignedarticles,studiesandothercontributionsrestssolelywiththeirauthors,andpublicationdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbytheILOorUNICEFoftheopinionsexpressedinthem.ReferencetonamesoffirmsandcommercialproductsandprocessesdoesnotimplytheirendorsementbytheILOorUNICEF,andanyfailuretomentionaparticularfirm,commercialproductorprocessisnotasignofdisapproval. UnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF) DataandAnalyticsSection DivisionofData,Analytics,PlanningandMonitoring3UnitedNationsPlaza,NewYork,NY10017,USATelephone:+12123267000 Email:data@unicef.org InternationalLabourOffice FundamentalPrinciplesandRightsatWork(FUNDAMENTALS)RoutedesMorillons4,1211Geneva,Switzerland Telephone:+41(0)227996862Email:childlabour@ilo.org Acknowledgements ThisreporthasbeenjointlypreparedbytheILOandUNICEF.MembersofthecoreteamincludedFedericoBlanco(ILO),ClaudiaCappa(UNICEF),MichaëlleDeCock(ILO),LorenzoGuarcello(ILO)andScottLyon(ILO).Thestatisticalwork,includingthedevelopmentofthemethodologyandestimates,wasconductedbyRogerGomis(ILO)andChinmaySharma(independentconsultant)underthesupervisionofStevenKapsos(ILO). DatapreparationandanalysiswerecarriedoutbyDavidBescond(ILO),FedericoBlanco(ILO),EvangeliaBourmpoula(independentconsultant),ClaudiaCappa(UNICEF),WilliamCole(independentconsultant),LorenzoGuarcello(ILO),MunkhbadarJugder(UNICEF),DonikaLimani(independentconsultant),YvesPerardel(ILO),NicolePetrowski(UNICEF)andMabelinVillarreal-Fuentes(ILO). ManyILOandUNICEFcolleaguesprovidedvaluableinputsandcomments,inparticularChristinaBehrendt(ILO),AssefaBequele(ILO,retired),FlorenceBonnet(ILO),JoanneBosworth(UNICEF),CarolineChaigne-Hope(ILO),SumairaA.Chowdhury(UNICEF),Francescod’Ovidio(ILO),MonicaDarer(UNICEF),KirstenDiMartino(UNICEF),JohnDombkins(ILO),RuthGrahamGoulder(UNICEF),ValeriaGruppo(UNICEF),MelanieJeanroy(ILO),JosiahKaplan(UNICEF),MuhammadRafiqKhan(UNICEF),AniruddhaKulkarni(UNICEF),HenrikMoller(ILO),IanOrton(ILO),BrigidKennedyPfister(UNICEF),VictorHugoRicco(ILO),DominicRichardson(UNICEF),EshaniRuwanpura(UNICEF),BenSmith(ILO),RamyaSubrahmanian(UNICEF),PhilippeVanhuynegem(ILO),WonganiGraceTaulo(UNICEF),CorneliusWilliams(UNICEF),ThomasWissing(ILO)andAlexandraYuster(UNICEF). GratitudegoestocolleaguesfromILOandUNICEFcountryofficesforsharingrelevantmaterial. FundingtothisreportispartlyprovidedtotheILObytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofLaborundercooperativeagreementnumberIL‐30147‐16‐75‐K‐11(MAP16project)(GLO/18/29/USA);andbytheGovernmentofFranceundertheframeworkoftheEntr’Allianceproject(GLO/20/60/FRA). Onehundredpercento

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