2023年城市出行就绪指数（英）

UrbanMobilityReadinessIndex 2023REPORT Foreword Mobilityliesatthecenterofaglobalinflectionpoint.Record‑breakingheatwaves,inflation,andsupplychainshiftshavedominatedheadlinesanddisruptedurbanvitalityaspeopledecidehowandwhytheytravel.Thesechallengeshaveaprofoundimpactonsocietybysettinganewparadigmwhereit’sgettingincreasinglydifficulttoensureaffordableandsustainablemobilitysolutions. However,doublingdownonthesimplebuildingblocksofurbanmobility,likeefficientpublictransitorsaferinfrastructureforpedestriansandcyclists,cankeepdowntownsandbusinesscentersbuzzing. Anemphasisonthosemobilityfundamentalsliesatthecenterofthe2023editionoftheUrbanMobilityReadinessIndex,arankingof65globalcitiesonhowpreparedtheyareformobility’snextchapter,createdbytheOliverWymanForumandtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Alongsidecommentaryoneachcityandregionalstrengthsandchallenges,thisyear’seditionintroducestailoredrecommendationsforeachcity’smostimportantchallenges:howtoimprovepublictransitandoverallsustainablemobilitydimensions. ThiseditionmarksthefifthanniversaryoftheUrbanMobilityReadinessIndex.Bytrackingprogresswitheachannualedition,wecanmonitoracity’sevolutionoveralongerperiodaswellasitsyear‑over‑yearprogress.Reflectingonthattrajectory,whetherit’soneyearorfive,iscriticaltoidentifyingwinningstrategies. Wehopethatbyfocusingattentiononthesimpleessentialsofurbanmobility,businessandpolicyleaderscanbeencouragedandmotivatedtobuildamoresustainableandequitablefuture. GuillaumeThibault PartnerandMobilityCo‑lead,OliverWymanForum AlexandreBayen Professor,ElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,UCBerkeley 3 Contents 4 Foreword3 Introduction6 WhyCitiesShouldFocusOnMobilityFundamentals10 RegionalAnalysis16 CityProfiles28 AbouttheIndex170 References176 5 Introduction CHARTINGANEWCOURSEFORURBANMOBILITY ThefifthanniversaryoftheUrbanMobilityReadinessIndexintroducestailoredrecommendationstoimprovepublictransitandsustainablemobilityforeachcity.It’saleapforwardfortheIndextomovebeyondayear‑in‑reviewreporttoinsteadbecomeanactionabletoolforbusinessandcityleaders. Theserecommendationscomplementfourkeytrendsidentifiedinthisyear’seditionthatwilldefineurbanmobilityforthenearfuture. EconomicPressures Inflationandsupplychainshiftshave disruptedtravelflows.Citiesandbusinessesneedtokeeppublic transitfaresaffordabletorecoupridership levelsandkeepcitycentersbuzzing. SustainableInvestment Increasedinvestmentsinsustainable mobilityarepayingoff,withmore consumerembracesofelectricvehicles,cycling,andcar‑freezones.European citiesmaintainedtheirleadershipin sustainablemobility. SupplyChainRisks Manufacturershavestrengthenedsupplychainsagainst geopoliticaleventsviamulti‑sourcingandlocalization. However,resource scarcities—especiallyfornewtechnologies —challenge supplychains. ConvenientMassTransit LeadingAsiancities offerthehighestratesofpublictransitstationdensityandridership levels,whileEuropeancounterpartsoffer diversemodaloptionsthatarefastand operateatlonghours. 6 Citiesaddedin2023 The2023Indexincludesaselectionof65globalcitiesacrossfiveregions:AsiaPacific,Europe,LatinAmerica,theMiddleEastandAfricaandNorthAmerica ThetopperformingcitiesareclusteredinNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsiaPacific Europe NorthAmerica AsiaPacific MiddleEastandAfrica LatinAmerica 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Source:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley 7 TheIndexcaptureswhatbusiness,consumers,andpolicymakersconsiderindispensableforurbanmobility UrbanMobilityReadinessIndex Mobilityreadinessisholisticallymeasuredby56KPIsacross socialimpact,infrastructure, innovation,systemefficiency,andmarketattractiveness. SustainableMobilitysub‑index Firstlaunchedin2021,the SustainableMobilitysub‑indexmeasurescities’effortstobuildgreenerandmoresustainablemobilityecosystems. PublicTransitsub‑index Launchedin2022,thePublicTransitsub‑indexmeasurescities’performanceonpublic transitdensity,efficiency,andutilizationrate. Succeedinginthesefivedimensionsiscriticalforawinningmobilityecosystem SocialImpact Socialimpactmetricsarebasedonvolatilevariablemeasuresthatoftenprovecontroversialformunicipalgovernmentstoregulate,suchas commutingtime,trafficfluidity,publictransitutilization,commuterdensity, carownership,vehicleoccupancy,populationdensity,roadsafety,airquality,andinternationalairportvolumes. Infrastructure Infrastructuremetricsfocusonstaticmeasuresthatarelikelytoremainnearconstantovertimeorareatleastdifficulttochange,suchasthedensityofpublictransitstations,thewalkabilityofacity,andthestrengthofacity’s multimodalnetworks. MarketAttractiveness Marketattractivenessisbasedonmarket‑drivenmetricsoverwhich municipalgovernmentscanexertinfluence,suchasthecompetitivenessandpenetrationofsharing‑economybusinessmodelsinmobility,multimodalappmaturityandavailability,fleetmanagement,internetconnectivity,andthe scopeofinternationalairportconnections. SystemEfficiency Systemefficiencymetricsfocusoncontrollablefactorsthatareinfluencedbymarketdynamicsandthepublicsector,suchaspublictransport operatinghours,publictransportaffordability,pu