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Research insights into an autonomous future

信息技术2024-05-09-奥雅纳路***

AI智能总结

Research Insights into an Autonomous Future: Public Transport Transformation

Overview of the Status Quo

Public transport plays a pivotal role in the infrastructure and daily life of cities across the UK, intertwining with various public policies and contributing to socio-economic development. However, implementing effective public transport solutions involves significant costs and potential disruptions, often leading to unforeseen impacts on certain segments of the population.

Innovative Feasibility Studies

Recent advancements in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology offer substantial potential to reshape public transport systems, promising enhanced efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. Key examples include:

Oxfordshire Zero Emission Automated Bus Trial: A funded project featuring a 16-seat, fully accessible bus with a safety driver always present to ensure passenger comfort and provide personalized service.
CAVForth Pilot: Scotland's first pilot of fully autonomous buses connecting Fife and Edinburgh, with a capacity to serve up to 10,000 passengers weekly. Operates at SAE Level 4, enabling safe autonomous operation under certain conditions.
Arup's Feasibility Studies: Collaborative efforts with multi-partner consortiums in Cambridge, East Birmingham, and Milton Keynes to evaluate the potential for autonomous public transport trials, aiming to provide evidence for change and examine economic, social, and environmental impacts.

Insights from Practitioners

The studies highlighted that connected and automated mobility (CAM) could offer significant advantages for public transit, including broader social, economic, and environmental benefits. The identification of scalable solutions within suitable contexts could lead to transformative impacts on public transport systems across the UK and globally.

A Future of Autonomous Public Transport?

With the integration of advanced technologies, the potential for autonomous public transport systems becomes increasingly feasible. These systems could redefine mobility, offering more reliable, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional public transit modes. The ongoing research and development, particularly in the UK, are paving the way for practical implementations and widespread adoption.

Where Do We Go From Here?

The future of autonomous public transport holds promise for enhancing urban mobility, addressing critical challenges such as congestion, air quality, and carbon emissions. Continued investment in research, development, and collaboration among stakeholders—across academia, industry, and regulatory bodies—is essential to capitalize on the opportunities presented by CAM technology. As CAM evolves, strategic planning, infrastructure upgrades, and supportive regulatory frameworks will be crucial for realizing the full potential of autonomous public transport systems.

This summary encapsulates the main points discussed in the document, focusing on the current state, technological advancements, feasibility studies, and future implications of connected and automated mobility in the context of public transport.

Researchinsightsintoanautonomousfuture InvestigatingthepotentialandmeritsofConnectedandAutomatedMobilityforpublictransport Contents Foreword3 Overviewofthestatusquo4 Innovativefeasibilitystudies10 Insightsfrompractitioners15 Afutureofautonomouspublictransport?19 Wheredowegofromhere?31 Foreword Publictransportplaysavitalroleinthesmoothrunningofcitiesacrossthe UK.Itintersectswithmanyotherpublicpolicyareas,includingaccesstojobs,healthcareandeducation,initiativestoreducecarbonemissions,congestion,andairpollution,andanimprovedbuiltenvironmentwithmoreefficientandpeople-centricuseofspace. However,theimplementationofpublictransportsolutionsisoftenacostlyanddisruptiveendeavour,sometimesalsoresultinginunintendedconsequencesforsubsetsofthepopulation. Recentadvancesinautonomousvehicle(AV)technologyhavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactpublictransportsystems.Itisthereforevaluabletoexplorehowsuchautonomouspublictransportsystemsmightwork,andassesstheassociatedopportunitiesandrisks.WhileConnectedandAutomatedVehicle(CAV)trialsareprevalentthroughouttheUKandfurtherafield,trialsusingCAVsforpublictransportarelimited.OnlyahandfuloftrialsaretakingplaceacrosstheUK,withthesuccessoftheseschemestill tobedetermined. InJanuary2023,theUK’sfirstzeroemissionautomatedbusbeganatrialinOxfordshire.Thiswasafundedtrialfora16-seat,fullyaccessiblesingledeckerbuswithasafetydriveronboardatalltimestoprovideapersonalisedserviceandinformationtopassengers.ThetrialwasdesignedtodemonstratetheapplicationofAVtechnologytoreal-worldserviceprovisionandconcludedattheendof2023. AnothernotableexampleisCAVForth,atrial offullyautonomousfull-sizedbusesinScotland,providingmobilitybetweenFifeandEdinburgh.Withthefirstpassengerscarriedin2023,thefleetiscomprisedoffivebuseswhichcancarryupto10,000passengersperweek.Thebusesoperate atSAELevel4,meaningtheyhaveatrainedsafetydriveronboardwhoisnotexpectedtotouchthecontrolswhilethevehicleisinautonomousmode1. During2023/24,Arupwasinvolvedinthreefeasibilitystudieswithmulti-partnerconsortiumstoassessthepossibilityofautonomouspublictransporttrialsinCambridge,EastBirminghamandMiltonKeynes.CommissionedbyTheCentretheConnectedAutonomousVehicles(CCAV)andInnovateUK,thesestudieswereintendedtoprovideevidenceofthecaseforchangeinthethreeregions.Thestudiesalsoexaminedtheeconomic,socialandenvironmentaleffectsoftheschemesaswellashigh-levelcostingsandchallengestocommercialisation. Thisreportaimstodisseminatethefindingsassociatedwiththethreestudies.ItofferskeyinsightsintohowConnectedandAutomatedMobility(CAM)couldrevolutionisethepublictransportlandscapeandconsidersthenextstepsfordeployingtheseservicesacrosstheUK. ThestudiesfoundthatCAMcouldhaveclearadvantagesforpublictransit,bringingwidersocial,economic,andenvironmentalbenefits.Weconcludedthat,onceascalablesolutionisidentifiedwithinasuitablecontext,CAMcouldhaveanobviousandfar-reachingimpactonpublictransportintheUKandbeyond Recentadvancesinautonomousvehicletechnologyhavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactpublictransportsystems.Itisthereforevaluabletoassesstheassociatedopportunitiesandrisks. Anoteonterminology Throughoutthisreportweuse"ConnectedandAutomatedMobility(CAM)"toalignwiththelatestBSIFlex1890v5.02023-04.Whileweuse"CAM"asanall-encompassingterm,someusecaseswedescribeare"autonomous"ratherthanjust"automated",capableofentirelyautomatingthedrivingtaskwithnohumanintervention.Weusetheterm"autonomous",whereneeded,tobeclearonourintendedmeaning. LaraTabetAssociateLara.tabet@arup.com Overviewofthestatusquo AnintroductiontothebackgroundofCAM,whyitisneeded,thehistoryofitsdevelopmentandthevarioussub-modesandvehicleproviders. Researchinsightsintoanautonomousfuture4 WhydoweneedConnectedandAutomatedMobility? Mobilityisanessentialpartofourmodernwayoflife.Withoutit,oureconomicandsocialwellbeing,humaninteractions,andbusinesstransactionswouldbesignificantlycompromised.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatthereiscontinualpressuretoprovidemoreandbetterlevelsofmobility.However,improvedmobilitycanresultinundesirableconsequencesinourcities,includingcongestion,transport-relatedaccidents,airquality,andgreenhousegasemissions.Reducingorremovingthesedownsidesisaprerequisitefordevelopingsuccessfulnationalandlocalmobilitystrategiesforthefuture. Onewayofdeliveringimprovedmobilitywhilereducingoreliminatingthedownsidesistoencouragealarge-scalemigrationfromprivatetransport(mainlythecar)tosharedtransport(mainlypublicpublic-transitsystems).However,thescaleofthemigrationrequiredishuge.IntheUK,morethan90%2ofpassenger-kilometresarecurrentlyprovidedbyroadtransport,andmostofthisisbycar. Researchinsightsintoanautonomousfuture Traditionalformsofpublictransit(heavyrail,lightrail,metro,tramsandbuses)facesignificantchallengeswhenitcomestosolvingtheproblemofmigrationfromprivatetopublictransport. Rail-basedsystemsarebecomingincreasinglyunaffordable,andbusescanbeseentobeunreliable3.Tomeetfuturemobilitychallenges,ourcitiesandotherpublictransportprovidersmustfindnewwaysofdeliveringattractive,affordablemasstransitservices. ‘Attractive’publictransportm

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