Sociocultural Dimensions in Water Resources Management

SocioculturalDimensionsinWaterResourcesManagement Editedby MikioIshiwatariandKESeethaRam ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKINSTITUTE ©2024AsianDevelopmentBankInstituteAllrightsreserved. ISBN978-4-89974-303-3(Print) ISBN978-4-89974-304-0(PDF) DOI:https://doi.org/10.56506/UFZU3909 TheviewsinthispublicationdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBankInstitute(ADBI),itsAdvisoryCouncil,ADB’sBoardorGovernors,orthegovernmentsofADBmembers. ADBIdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ADBIusesproperADBmembernamesandabbreviationsthroughoutandanyvariationorinaccuracy,includingincitationsandreferences,shouldbereadasreferringtothecorrectname. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“recognize,”“country,”orothergeographicalnamesinthispublication,ADBIdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. Usersarerestrictedfromreselling,redistributing,orcreatingderivativeworkswithouttheexpress,writtenconsentofADBI. TheAsianDevelopmentBankrecognizes“China”asthePeople’sRepublicofChina,“Korea”astheRepublicofKorea,and“Vietnam”asVietNam. Note:Inthispublication,“$”referstoUSdollars.AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute KasumigasekiBuilding8F 3-2-5,Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda-ku Tokyo100-6008,Japanwww.adbi.org CONTENTS Tables,Figures,andBoxv Abbreviationsviii Contributorsix Acknowledgmentsxii Forewordxiv 1SustainableWaterResourcesManagementinAsia: ASocioculturalPerspective1 MikioIshiwatariandKESeethaRam PartISocioculturalDimensions 2A400-YearHistoryofWaterUseinJapan’sRiverBasins: TheCreationofRuralCommunities,WaterConflicts,Modernization, andConsensusBuildingthroughInfrastructureDevelopment13 KotaroTakemura 3RiverManagementinIndia:MainstreamingtheSocioculturalElements24 VictorR.Shinde,LovleshSharma,JyotiVerma,andSatarupaRoy 4ASocioculturalPerspectiveonWaterResourcesManagement inBali,Indonesia38 FirdausAli iii PartIIPoliciesandPractices 5IntegratingSafety,Security,andCulturalValuesforIntegratedWaterResourcesManagement:AUNESCOWorldHeritageCaseStudy inthePeople’sRepublicofChina59 EnLin,XuhuaHu,JianxinMu,ShahbazKhan,andYufengLuo 6ConservationandWaterPricing:EffectsofLong-Term LowWaterPricinginHongKong,China69 DavidvonEiff 7TheShifttoRiskManagement-BasedWaterResourcesPolicyinJapan82 ToshioOkazumi 8NovelApproachesinFloodManagementPoliciesinJapan: IntegratingSocioculturalWisdominClimateChangeAdaptation97 HiroakiIkeuchi 9ManagementofWater-RelatedDisastersbyLocalCommunities intheCentralAreaofVietNam113 LeMinhNhat,NguyenVanHoang,andNguyenThanhVan PartIII CONTENTS WaterandFood 10 11 12 WaterGovernanceinResponsetotheImpactofClimateChange inAridandSemi-aridRegions:TheCaseofTürkiye133 BulentInanc,BurcuCalli,MustafaSalihSarikaya,LutfiAkca,andAhmetMeteSaatci TheWaterCycleandRain-fedRiceCultivationinNortheastThailand142 KoshiYoshida,HirokiOda,andKenjiTanaka ManagingWaterbytheLocalCommunity:DevelopmentandImplications ofJapan’sIrrigationManagementSystem151 TsugihiroWatanabe PartIVClimateandEnvironment 13 14 15 TraditionalRiverEngineeringforSocialSustainability andEnvironmentalPreservation167 HirotadaMatsuki AReviewofPublicAwarenessofWaterSourceRegulations andRiverManagementintheRepublicofKorea181 IkJaeKimandMynhyunRyu TransformingWaterResourcesManagementInvestment:TheEvolutionofCostSharingamongLocalCommunities, ivGovernments,andthePrivateSectorinJapan189 MikioIshiwatariandDanielP.Aldrich PartVGovernance 16 17 18 19 PassingonIndigenousKnowledgetotheNextGeneration throughWaterLearningsinKumamoto,Japan201 NaotoTanaka CollaborativeGovernanceFrameworkforUrbanRiverManagement210 AsokKumarGopalaPillai,DheerajJoshi,SumitChakraborty,andAshwiniDubey Community-basedDisasterManagementThroughLinking withTraditionalCommunityMechanisms:FloodPreventionUnits218 KeikoTamura WaterandCultureinAsiaTowardSharedProsperity227 YoonjinKim TABLES,FIGURES,ANDBOX TABLES 3.1ExamplesofSocioculturalValueofRiversAcrosstheGlobe24 6.1DongRiverAllocations72 6.2ListofAgenciesInvolvedinWaterResourceManagementDecisions74 8.1ComparisonBetweenRetardingBasinandStorageFunctionPreservationArea106 9.1DivisionofAreastobeEvaluatedAccordingtoProjectActivities118 9.2ResultsofTrainingandCommunicationActivities122 13.1GeneralFeaturesofTraditionalRiverEngineeringAsSummarizedin2000168 13.2“YoroCode”issuedin757169 17.1MekongRiverCommission:KeyOutcomesandCollaborativeActionsUndertaken211 17.2NileBasinInitiative:KeyOutcomesandCollaborativeActionsUndertaken212 FIGURES 1.1Co-evolutionofSocietyandCultureandtheWaterSystem2 1.2Japan’sCo-evolutionBetweenSocietyandWaterResourcesManagement3 1.3KeyFindingsofFactorsAffectingWaterGovernanceArrangementsinAsia3 1.4CommunityInitiativesinWaterResourcesManagementbyCountry4 1.5EvolutionofJapaneseWaterResourcesManagement6 1.6KeyMessagesofthisReport8 2.1TopographyandGeologicalClassificationMapoftheNakaRiverBasin14 2.2Long-TermChangesinAgriculturalLandandPopulationinJapan14 2.3PeopleWalkingAlongtheYoshiwaraNipponEmbankment