人与塑料：非正规废物处理工人在解决海洋塑料污染方面的概况、脆弱性和作用（英）

1 PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PeopleandPlastics PublicDisclosureAuthorized Theprwoofirleke,vrsulinardadbrileitsiseisn,gamndaroinleopflainstfiocrsmpaolllwuatisotne inIndSoynnetshieas,itshreePphoirltipfrpoinmecso,aunndtrVyisettuNdaiems PeopleandPlastics Theprwoofirleke,vrsulinardadbrileitsiseisn,gamndaroinleopflainstfiocrsmpaolllwuatisotne inIndSoynnetshieas,itshreePphoirltipfrpoinmecso,aunndtrVyisettuNdaiems June2023 4 5 ©2023TheWorldBank 1818HStreetNW,WashingtonDC20433 Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.orgSomerightsreserved. ThisworkisaproductofthestaffofTheWorldBank.Thefindings,interpretations,andcon-clusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheExecutiveDirectorsofTheWorldBankorthegovernmentstheyrepresent.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoraccep-tanceofsuchboundaries. RightsandPermissions Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecauseTheWorldBankencouragesdis-seminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncom-mercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven. Attribution—Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:“WorldBank.2023.PeopleandPlastics:TheProfile,Vulnerabilities,andRoleofInformalWasteWorkersinAddressingMarinePlasticsPol-lution.©WorldBank.” Allqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. TableofContents Acknowledgments9 ExecutiveSummary11 CaseStudies12 ProfileofIWWsinIndonesia,thePhilippines,andVietNam14 KeyRisksandVulnerabilitiesofIWWs:Health,AccesstoServices,IncomeSecurity,Indebtedness16 EntrepreneurshipandLivelihoodModelsEngagingIWWs18 ConclusionsandRecommendations21 RegionalRecommendations23 Country-SpecificRecommendations24 Project-andInvestment-SpecificRecommendations25 Abbreviations26 Introduction27 MarinePlasticWasteintheASEANRegion30 RegionalCooperationonMarinePlastics31 Indonesia32 ThePhilippines34 VietNam36 Methodology39 ProfileandVulnerabilitiesofInformalWasteSectorWorkers43 ProfilesofIWWs43 DemographicInformation45 Age45 MigrationStatus46 LivingConditions46 Education47 WorkingArrangements48 IncomeandAccesstoFinance51 VulnerabilitiesandRisksFacedbyIWWs53 HealthRisks55 SpecificVulnerabilitiesFacedbyWomen57 SpecificVulnerabilitiesFacedbyChildren59 AspirationsofIWWsandInterestinFormalization61 CaseStudies Entrepreneurial,Social,andCommunity-BasedPlasticWasteBusinessManage-ment69 Government-Driven:PilotProjectof“WomenWasteWorkers”inQuyNhon,VietNam.72 ModelDescription72 BeneficiariesandOutcomes72 Government-Driven:IndependentWasteCollectorsIntegratingCooperativesinHoChiMinhCity,VietNam74 ModelDescription74 BeneficiariesandOutcomes74 NonprofitCommunity-Driven:EcoKolek,Philippines76 7 ModelDescription76 BeneficiariesandOutcomes77 NonprofitCommunity-Driven:PartnershipforPlasticWasteRecyclinginIndonesia78 ModelDescription78 BeneficiariesandOutcomes78 NonprofitCommunity-Driven:WasteBanks,Indonesia79 ModelDescription79 BeneficiariesandOutcomes79 PrivateSector:CooperationbetweenIWWsandaRecyclingCompanyProducingPlasticPelletinHanoi,VietNam82 ModelDescription82 BeneficiariesandOutcomes82 PrivateSector:CooperationbetweenIWWsandaRecyclingCompanyProducingPlasticSheetsinHanoi,VietNam83 ModelDescription83 BeneficiariesandOutcomes83 PrivateSectorPlasticCreditExchangeinthePhilippines84 ModelDescription84 BeneficiariesandOutcomes84 ConclusionsandRecommendations87 RegionalRecommendations90 Country-SpecificRecommendations92 Project-andInvestment-SpecificRecommendations94 Glossary96 References98 Acknowledgments T 9 hisreportisproducedbyaWorldBankteamledbySophiaGeorgievaandMariaManuelaFariaandconsistingofHannahRosenthalandTuanAnhLe.NinaBhattledthestudyfromitsinitiationthroughthecompletionofcountryfieldwork.EspeliaconsultancyteamconductedthefieldresearchinVietNamandproducedtheViet Nambackgroundcountryreport.TheircoreteamconsistedofThierryLe,MarieLanNguyenLeroy,OmblineDeSaintLeon,ThaoTrinh,andTrangDoThiThu.UrbanEmergeconsultancyteamproducedthePhilippinesbackgroundcountryreport.TheircoreteamconsistedofAn-dreasBeavor,NilsGradek,andSamiaKhan.FieldresearchinthePhilippineswasconductedbyPlasticCreditExchangeInc.,whoseteamwasledbyIlusionFariasandRichardDeGuz-man.PrimaryresearchinIndonesiaandtheIndonesiabackgroundcountryreportwereledbyChristopherRosadowithateamconsistingofEriTrinurini,EvelineKurniati,andFahraAmiroeddin.ThereportispartoftheprogrammaticanalyticalandadvisoryworkWavesofChange:TacklingMarinePlasticsPollutioninEastAsiaandPacific,whichisledbyDanielMira-SalamaandTaoWangandfinancedbyPROBLUE.PROBLUEisamulti-donortrustfund,administeredbytheWorldBank,thatsupportsthesustainableandintegrateddevelopmentofmarineandcoastalresourcesinahealthyocean. Thestudywaspro