This discussion paper presents a new perspective on international relations through the lens of knowledge diplomacy. Knowledge diplomacy is defined as a collaborative approach that emphasizes mutual benefits and the recognition of different motives and needs among actors in higher education, research, and innovation. The paper differentiates knowledge diplomacy from cultural, science, and education diplomacy, and argues that it is a more comprehensive and inclusive term. Key characteristics of knowledge diplomacy include diversity of actors and partners, a focus on higher education, research, and innovation, and a recognition of different motives and needs among actors. The paper also highlights the importance of reciprocity and collaboration in knowledge diplomacy.
