2024年度中国商务环境调查报告（中英文版）

CONTENTS目录 02 Chair’sMessage主席致辞 概述 15 04ExecutiveSummary 21 1.2024SurveyMethodology2024年调查方法 2.PerformanceSnapshot 27 绩效速览 3.BusinessOperationsandGoals商业运营和经营目标 4.BusinessEnvironment商业环境 38 39 61 4.1InvestmentEnvironment投资环境 69 4.2HumanResources人力资源 80 4.3PInrnoopveartyioRnigahntdsIntellectual创新和知识产权 5.US-ChinaRelations美中关系 Chair'sMessage ChinaisavitalmarketformanyAmericanbusinesses.ItisalsoanimportantsourceoftalentandinnovationthathelpsAmericancompaniesboosttheirglobalcompetitiveness.Atthesametime,thepresenceofAmericancompaniesinChinastrengthenstheUS- Chinarelationshipandtheeconomiesofbothcountries,butthebenefitsgobeyondtradefiguresandsimplemeasuresofprofitandloss.Bypromotingvaluessuchastransparency,respectforworkers,andanti-corruptionthroughouttheirentiresupplychains,Americanbusinessesleadbyexample,improvingthebusinessclimateinChinawhilecreatingjobsbackhome. Despitetheexpansioninbilateraltradeinrecentyears,mistrustbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinaremainshigh,andrelationsarestrained.Theneedforaccurateinformationhasneverbeengreater.Formorethan25years,AmChamChina’sBusinessClimateSurvey(BCS)hashelpedmeetthisneedbyprovidingaccurate,detailedinformationaboutthekeyissuesandchallengesaffectingUSbusinessinChina. KeyFindings: •2023FinancialPerformance:AmericancompaniesinChinareportimprovedfinancialperformancefor2023withincreasedprofitabilityandEBITmargins.Despitethis,slightlylessthanhalfofrespondentsexpectedtobeprofitable. •OptimismRecovers:Thetwo-yearbusinessoutlookforChinahasimproved,withmembersshowingincreasedoptimismacrosstheboard,butespeciallywithregardstodomesticmarketgrowth,estimatedprofitability,andtheeconomy. •IntenttoInvest:China’sattractivenessasaninvestmentdestinationhasreboundedafterlastyear’ssharpdip,with50%ofrespondentcompaniesnowconsideringChinaamongtheirtopthreeglobalpriorities,a5ppincreaseyear-on-year. •US-ChinaRelations:NearlyallrespondentsviewUS-Chinarelationsascrucialtotheirbusinesses.Around30%expectUS-Chinarelationstoimprovein2024,anotablyhigherlevelofoptimismthanin2023. •UnequalTreatment:Althoughitvariesbysector,overall,one-thirdofcompaniesreportbeingtreatedlessfavorablybytheChineseauthoritiesthantheirlocalcompetitors.Meanwhile,despitesignificantimprovementcomparedtolastyear,amajority(57%)ofcompanieslackconfidencethatChinawillfurtheropenitsmarketstoforeignfirms. •BusinessChallengesContinue:TheprimaryconcernsofAmericancompaniescontinuetobeUS-Chinarelations,China’sregulatoryenvironment,andrisingcostsaswellasChina’sCybersecurityLawandprotectingintellectualproperty. •TalentRetention:ExpatriateshavebecomesomewhatmorewillingtorelocatetoChinaoverthelastyear,thoughUS-Chinatensionsandotherfactorsstillnegativelyaffectforeigntalentrecruitment. •ESG:80%ofmembersreportimplementingESGpracticesinChina,primarilyfocusedonstrengtheningDEI,employeetraining,andbusinessethics. Wehopethatthisyear’sBCSwillinformpoliciesonbothsidesofthePacificandcontributetoconstructive,sustainable,andmutuallybeneficialrelationsbetweenthetwocountries. SeanStein Chair,AmChamChinaFebruary2024 2 AmChamChina's2024ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport 主席致辞 对在华众多业务美的国深企入业不来仅说，促中进国了不美仅中是关关系键和市双场边，贸更易是，人其才带和来创的新益的处重也要远沃不土仅，体这现对在美双国边企贸业易的和全利球润竞数争据力方至面。关美重国要。企美业企在其国内供创应造链了中更推多崇就公业开机透会明。、尊重员工和反腐败等价值，不仅树立了良好的商业典范，优化了中国的商业环境，也为美国 的核心问题与重要挑战。 尽中国管美国中商贸会易的额商近业年环有境所调扩查大报，告但至是今两已国有间超的过信任25缺年失的和历关史系，紧旨张在问通题过依提旧供存详在实。准在确此的背信景息下，，解信析息美的国准在确华性企更业为所重面要临。 主要议题： •2受0访23企年业财预务期表将现实：现2盈02利3。年在华美国企业的财务表现有所改善，盈利水平和息税前利润率均有所上升；略低于半数的 •乐盈利观能态力势和复经苏济：总会体员状企况业方对面中。国接下来两年的商业前景预期有所改善，相较去年更为乐观，尤其在中国的市场增长、 •投三位资投意资向目：的去地年，会相员比企业20对22中年国上的升投了资5意个向百大分幅点下。滑。今年情况略有改善，50%的受访企业将中国列为全球首选或前 •美对双中边关关系系：的几乐乎观所程有度受明访显企高业于均表20示23美年中。双边关系至关重要。近30%的受访企业预计2024年美中关系将有所改善， 年有显著改善。 •待差遇异。不同均时：，近有三分57之%一的的会受员访企企业业仍表表示示，对相中比国本进土一企步业对外外资资企开业放受市到场更的多承不诺公表平示待不遇确，定但或这信一心感不受足在，各尽细管分相领比域2存02在2 •持法规续和的知商识业产挑权战保：护会等员方企面业。主要关切的问题仍然集中在美中关系、中国的监管环境、成本，以及中国的网络安全法律 •人籍人才才留产存生问负题面：影过响去。一年，外籍人才愿意调派至中国工作的意愿有所上升，尽管美中关系紧张和其他因素仍对招聘外 •元环化境、、社平会等及、治包理容（（ESDGE）I）情”况战：略80，%以的及会加员强企员业工表培示训已和在商中业国伦开理展建“设环。境、社会及治理（ESG）”相关实践，重点推进“多 二零二四年二月 我互惠们的希双望边今关年系的。商业环境调查报告能为两国的政策制定提供相关信息支持，助力两国构建具有建设性、可持续性、互利 中国美国商会谭主森席 3 AmChamChina's2024ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport ExecutiveSummary Inthisyear’sBusinessClimateSurvey,membersreportimprovedfinancialresultsfor2023,withincreasedprofitabilityandEBITmarginsinkeysectors,andamorepositivetwo-yearbusinessforecast,drivenbyopportunitiesincarbonneutralityandexpectationsofcontinuedeconomicreformsinChina.However,mostplanlimitedornonewinvestmentsin2024,prioritizinggrowingcorebusinessoverexpansion.TenseUS-Chinarelationsheadlineanumberofpersistentchallengesformembers,withthisissueunderanever-brighterspotlight,followedbyregulatoryinconsistencies,andrisingcosts.Overone-thirdfeellesswelcomeinChina,expressingdoubtsaboutmarketopennessandconcernsoverunfairtreatmentinmarketaccessandregulatoryenforcement.TheTechnologyandR&DsectorparticularlystruggleswithcybersecurityandIPRissues,citingtechdecouplinganddatapolicies asmajorconstraints.Despitethesechallenges,mostmembersaremaintainingtheirman