COUNTRY PROFILE REPORT

SľUDYONľHEUSEOFICľINEDUCAľIONANDREMOľELEARNINGDURINGCRISESAND ľHEREQUIREDINVESľMENľFORDIGIľALľRANSFORMAľIONFORAFRICANCOUNľRIES COUNTRYPROFILEREPORT KENYA ThisstudywascommissionedbytheAfricanDevelopmentBankGroup(AfDB)andtheIslamicDevelopmentBank(IsDB) StudyontheUseofICTinEducationandRemoteLearningduringCrisesandtheRequiredInvestmentforDigitalTransformationforAfricanCountries KENYA Reportproducedby: AssociationfortheDevelopmentofEducationinAfrica(ADEA) Studycommissionedby:IslamicDevelopmentBank(IsDB) AfricanDevelopmentBankGroup(AfDB) December2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TheAssociationfortheDevelopmentofEducationinAfrica(ADEA)expressesitsdeepestappreciationtotheIslamicDevelopmentBank(IsDB)andtheAfricanDevelopmentBankGroup(AfDB)forcommissioningthisstudy,inacollaborativeendeavorinsupportoftheadvancementofeducationaloutcomesinAfrica,andforprovidingthestrategicleadershipthroughoutthestudy. ADEAalsoacknowledgestheresourceperson,Prof.VeronicaMcKay,whoworkedtirelesslytoproducethiscountryprofilereport. ADEAwishestothanktheTechnicalTeamofIsDBandAfDBcomprisedofJawaraGaye,LeadEducationSpecialist-IsDB;BenAbdelkarimOussama,PrincipalEducationEconomist-AfDB;SamehHussein,SeniorTechnicalCooperationCoordinator/Africa&LatinAmerica-IsDB;IsatouCham,LeadSpecialistPolicies-IsDB;KadirBasboga,SeniorRegionalIntegration&TradePromotionEconomist-IsDB;andSissaoMoumine,SeniorEducationEconomist-AfDB;JessicaMuganza,SeniorEducation,ICTandDigitalOfficer-AfDB;MichaelOnobote,SeniorEducationOfficer,ICT&InnovationExpert-AfDBfortheinvaluabletechnicalreviewcommentsandinputs.TheoverallstrategicguidancewasprovidedbyIdrissaDia,DirectorEconomic&SocialInfrastructure-IsDB;DrMarthaPhiri,Director,HumanCapital,YouthandSkillsDevelopmentDepartment-AfDB;HendrinaChalweDoroba,ManagerEducation&SkillsDevelopmentDivision,AfDB;RiadRaguebAhmad,Director,Cooperation&CapacityDevelopmentDepartment-IsDB;AmmarAbdoAhmed,Manager,HumanDevelopmentDivision-IsDB;andSyedHassanAlsagoff,Manager,ScienceTechnology&Innovation-IsDB. Furthermore,ADEAwishestoexpressitssinceregratitudetoLinetN.Makori,countryfocalperson,KenyaNationalExaminationsCouncil,forhisinvaluablesupportforthestudy. ADEAandthecommissioningpartnersexpresssinceregratitudetotheMastercardFoundationledbyJamesMcIntyre,fortheinvaluabletechnicalreviewandfeedbackthroughoutthestudyprocess. ABBREVIATIONS ACEAdultandContinuingEducation AfDBAfricanDevelopmentBank CBCCompetencyBasedCurriculum CoKConstitutionofKenya CPDContinuingProfessionalDevelopment DLPDigitalLiteracyProgramme ECDEEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentandEducationECDEEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentandeducationEiEEducationinEmergency GCIRGlobalCountryRiskIndex GDPGrossDomesticProduct GERGrossEnrolmentRates GoKGovernmentofKenya GPEGlobalPartnersforEducation HDIHumanDevelopmentIndex ICTInformation&CommunicationTechnology IIEPInternationalInstituteforEducationalPlanning KICDKenyaInstituteofCurriculumDevelopmentKNALSKenyaNationalAdultLiteracySurveyKNBSKenyaNationalBureauofStandards NERNettEnrolmentRates NESSPNationalEducationSectorStrategicPlanODELOpenandDistancee-Learning SAGASemi-AutonomousGovernmentAgenciesSETScience,EngineeringandTechnology SIPSchoolImprovementPlan SDGSustainableDevelopmentGoal STEMScienceTechnologyEngineeringandMathematicsSTEMScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematicsST&IScience,Technology,andInnovation TETechnicalEducation TVETTechnicalVocationalEducationandTraining TVETATechnicalandVocationalEducationandTrainingAuthorityUNHCRUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees VETVocationalEducationandTraining TABLEOFCONTENTS Acknowledgements2 Abbreviations3 Executivesummary8 1.TheReviewProcess11 1.1.Theliteraturereviewprocess11 1.2.Limitationsofthestudy12 2.Background13 3.Legislativelandscape15 3.1.Kenya’sEducationSectorStructureandPolicyFramework16 3.2.Pre-primaryandprimary19 3.3.SecondaryEducation22 3.4.AdultandContinuingEducation23 3.5.Inclusiveeducation24 3.6.TechnicalVocationalEducationandTraining(TVET)25 3.7.UniversityEducation27 3.8.Teachereducation31 4.TheCOVID-19learningcontinuityinBasicEducation32 4.1.Thedigitaldivideandvulnerablegroups–beforeandduringthepandemic33 4.2.COVID-19ICTinterventionstomitigateschoolclosures36 4.3.Improvingteachers’pedagogicalICTknowledge36 4.4.Opportunitiestobecapitalisedupon38 4.5.ContinuationofICTmodalitiespost-COVID-1939 5.ICTineducationreadiness40 5.1.Electrification40 5.2.Digitallessonavailability41 6.Conclusionsandrecommendations44 6.1.SWOCAnalysis44 6.2.Partneringwiththeprivateandnon-statesector46 7.LimitationsandGapstothisStudyRequiringFurtherResearch47 8.Recommendations47 8.1.TheutilisationofOERsandMOOCsacrossthevarioussubsectors47 8.2.Consideringtheyouthfuldemographics48 8.3.Realigningpolicies48 8.4.AppropriatemodesofICT:fitforpurpose49 8.5.ExpandingdigitalmaterialsthroughthedevelopmentofOERsandMOOCsforuse acrossthevarioussubsectors49 8.6.Developingdigitalskillsandnewpedagogiesfor21stcenturyteachers49 8.7.Addressingthechallengesregardingeducationincludingforvulnerablepersons50 9.Conclusion50 10.FindingsandRecommendationsfromthePrim