This report was commissioned by Nord Stream 2 and provides an analysis of the proposed amendment to the EU Gas Directive. The report concludes that the proposed amendment is not necessary as the current EU gas market is functioning well and there are other options available to improve market functioning. The report also notes that the use of this document is the responsibility of any third party and that Arthur D. Little GmbH accepts no liability for any damages suffered by third parties as a result of decisions made based on the report.