中国企业家健康绿皮书（2023版）

⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀 GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURSIN2023 晜 綁淼⛼ 䭷㼋⽀⡙⻌❩㣐㷖⚥㕂⽡欰絑崸灇瑕⚥䗱 2023 2022䎃10剢-2023䎃9剢 I䒸NT鎊RODUCTION ⟱⚌㹻⡲⚹䧮㕂絑崸〄㾝涸䒸乾僽䲀鵳⚥㕂䒭梡➿⻊涸ꅾ銳⸂ꆀ⛲僽䔲♴⚥㕂獺緃涸餴彂կ䔲✲⚌涸晜㕃鷶幯䬪㾝㨤絊魧㢅劼麁♸䮋䧶痦♧絁涸➭⟌魧⡤ծ䗱椚⿽ꅾ ⨴䐀⾓⸂⛲ꥥ⛓罜勻կ䔲♴⟱⚌㹻涸⨴䐀꡼곿姻䠁〄䧭⚹Ⱒ禹䧮㕂絑崸爢⠔〄㾝⿺⽡欰䊨 ⡲涸ꅾ銳靃곿կ ⚹靐宠⟱⚌涸ⵄ渤♸Ɤ鵴涸〄㾝➭⟌㤃⸂䭨䴩剣❈➃㗏䭯ⵌ✫剒た剣❈➃⽲傍傍デⵆ莺〵կ2O23䎃䎃ⴲ瀊瀊5㣔傞ꢂ3⡙A肅♳䋑Ⱆ぀㹊꣢䱽ⵖ➃㔔氻猌⚆涸嶊䜂♧絑刕ⴀ刿僽鴽鸟䒸勻緸⿼涸䎛岌Ⱒ岤˘˘鵛Ⳝ䎃勻⟱⚌㹻薉䎃傍鸙ծꢤ搬鳥⚆涸䫣麤侨♶胿侨➭⟌鵮尵瘝ⵌ➃欰⛓蔄渿佞㽠傍傍㖑㖈➃欰假鸀⚥♴鲨猌㖞կ➭⟌肕餏䔂捘涸⢪ㄐ䠭䘐✵䭨䴩䘍䧮䊨⡲⽲䙐殜✫荈魧涸⨴䐀꡼곿կ⟱⚌㹻僽遤⚌涸곭ⱙ➃暟➭⟌荈魧涸⨴䐀⠔䕧ㆇ♧⚡⟱⚌涸ㄐ鵘䨾ぢ⠔暭⸓♧⚡遤⚌涸〄㾝饥⸷欨荛⠔䕧ㆇ侮⚡㕂㹻涸絑崸䒊霃կ ⚹✫䲿ꄀ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻纈⡤た俒皍獦⟱⚌㹻㼆魧䗱⨴䐀涸ꅾ錠䌐⸔⟱⚌㹻⨞㥩 ⨴䐀盗椚⨞ⵌ傍〄梡ծ傍霏倗ծ傍屛毫昶䐀꧋㔙荈2O11䎃饰嫦䎃㼆⟱⚌㹻涸⨴䐀꡼곿䒓㾝騈驶灇瑕䎇〄䋒շ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⟄劍䒸饰⟱⚌㹻➃纈㼆⨴䐀盗椚ㄤ氬氻곫 ꣈涸ꅾ錠㽍Ⱖ僽䗱過盗氬氻ㄤ浓氿瘝䢨䚍ꅾ㣐氬氻涸곫꣈ㄤ盗椚կ昶䐀꧋㔙獤匧ㆇ䎾⨴䐀⚥㕂2O3O䧶殜ㄎが⟱⚌㹻獤匧䫏餴⨴䐀꣈薴✵劢搬կ剣✫⨴䐀涸魧⡤䩞腊❧剣⨴䐀♸餒㺢Ⱟ䖤涸㸤繠➃欰կ 湡CO䔶NTENTS 2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 06շ2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸ꅾ銳絕雿 08շ涸2侨02䰘3晜勻⚥彂㕂ծ⟱湡⚌叻㹻➃⨴纈䐀ㄤ綁絡淼雦⛼ⴔո區絶䏞 1.1շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸侨䰘勻彂ㄤ湡叻➃纈 1.2շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞 1.3շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬叅고湡霹僈 11շ⚥2㕂02⟱3晜⚌⚥㹻㕂涸⟱匬⚌䧭㹻䞔⨴ⲃ䐀綁淼⛼ո 2.1⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ匬䧭嫱 2.2⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ䎃륁匬䧭嫱 2.3⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸⼓㚖ⴔ䋒 14շ⚥2ꥥ02霄3晜ⵌ⚥22㕂➃⟱縸⚌䝖㹻浓⨴氿䐀綁淼⛼ո 3.1ꥥ霄烁霏縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻浓氿猫碫ⴔ䋒 3.2ꥥ霄烁霏縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ䎃륁ⴔ䋒 3.34⢾✌艑浓鸑鵂✌艑馄㡮唬叅〄梡1⢾✌艑浓鸑鵂✌艑馄㡮ㄤ꜃ꬶ唬叅〄梡 GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 3.41O⢾歌朐艑浓㖲鸑鵂歌朐艑馄㡮唬叅〄梡 25շ⚥2㕂02⟱3晜⚌⚥㹻㕂涸⟱⨴⚌䐀㹻朐⨴ⲃ䐀綁淼⛼ո 4.1⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓霹僈ծ䚍ⵆⴔ䋒ㄤ䎃륁ⴔ䋒 4.2⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸⼓㚖ⴔ䋒 4.3շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո♸շ2O22晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧嫱鳅 4.4շ2O19晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓⾎䎃嫱㼆 4.5⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸3䎃馋⸷곫崵 2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 36շ⚥2㕂02⟱3晜⚌⚥㹻㕂⡤⟱唬⚌䒗㹻䌢⨴絕䐀卓綁涸淼ⴔ⛼碫ո絡雦ⴔ區 5.15O㿨-59㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻넞過⾓唬ⴀ桧鴪ⵌ16.41% 5.24O㿨-49㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻欥屘♲ꂾ5(㟞넞唬ⴀ桧馄鵂4O% 5.3ぐ䎃륁媯⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻䗱歏㕃䒗䌢唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂38% 5.4瑟艎過祪'B(⼮넞唬ⴀ桧ッ梡ꥥ䎃륁㟞⸈罜㟞Ɤ涸馋⸷ 5.52O㿨-29㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻涸㽶ꃑ6A㟞넞唬ⴀ桧剒넞 5.63O㿨⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⡤ꅾ䭷侨BM*㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂6O% 5.7⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻➢2O㿨䒓㨤歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮涸唬ⴀ桧馄鵂45% 5.83O㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻腒肘聽馄㡮唬ⴀ桧馄鵂5O% 5.95O㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻胊屲稇17(-17㟞넞涸唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂6% 5.104O㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂6O% 5.114O㿨-49㿨⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻✌艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧剒넞唬ⴀ桧馄鵂53% 5.12⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻낧ꆀⲸ㼱/낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞㖈5O㿨⿺⟄♳唬ⴀ桧馄鵂4O% 59շ⚥2㕂02⟱3晜⚌⚥㹻㕂㢴⟱絶⚌䏞㹻⡤⨴唬䐀䒗綁䌢淼絕⛼卓ո翫ざⴔ區 6.1鸑鵂䕧⫸㷖唬叅翫ざ㹊낉㹔唬崵〄梡11.6O%涸⟱⚌㹻唬ⴀ腒肘聽ず傞ⴀ梡1-2고聽⸆腊䭷叻䒗䌢 GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 6.2鸑鵂䗱歏㕃唬叅翫ざ䗱腮湱Ⱒ㹊낉㹔唬崵〄梡6.77%涸⟱⚌㹻唬ⴀ䗱歏䒗䌢ず傞ⴀ梡1-4고䗱腮湱Ⱒ㹊낉㹔䭷叻䒗䌢 65傍〄梡ծ傍霏倗ծ傍屛毫僽Ⱒꝶ 75鵛劍雿俒〄邍 81䫣デ〄䋒劼匬 06 ⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸ꅾ銳絕雿 շ2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻 IMPORTANTCONCLUSIONS 1.浓氿ꥥ霄絕卓 •2023䎃㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⿬⸈⡤唬涸紨1.46♰➃妃⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥昶䐀꧋㔙䊺ꥥ霄ⵌ22➃烁霏浓氿浓氿ꥥ霄侨䰘絡雦荈2O22䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃6剢3O傈⽰շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻涸浓氿〄氻桧荛㼱僽2.12˚22➃/1O,385➃1O,385➃僽2O22䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃6剢3O傈㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻侨ꆀ霪〄氻桧♸㕂㹻浓氿 ⚥䗱Ⱆ䋒涸Ⰼ㕂䜌䚍胅泿〄氻桧湱䔲2.94˚2O23䎃〄䋒涸շ2O16䎃⚥㕂䜌䚍胅泿崨遤䞔ⲃⴔ區ոկた絯ꥥ霄䊨⡲➠㖈鵳遤⚥た絯ꥥ霄鵂玐⚥곫雦➠⠔剣刿㢴縸䝖浓氿涸 ⟱⚌㹻鄄〄梡կ GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 2.⡤唬ꅾ銳絕卓 •շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո呏䰘2O22䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃9剢3O傈⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬㤛귬涸絆䧭ㄤぐ고湡涸⿬唬桧鷥䭊✫23고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓鵳遤絡雦絡雦絕卓儑爙䱗ꤑ♸䚍ⵆ湱Ⱒ涸⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮瘝⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓歌朐艑絕 蒜馄㡮㖈⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥涸唬ⴀ桧剒넞鴪ⵌ56.57%䖃♴⣜妃⚹⡤ꅾ䭷侨BM* 2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 㟞넞ծ腒肘聽馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱/낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ծ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫL%L-$㟞넞ㄤ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂♲䧭կ •㼆✵⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻銻渷剒䎛岌涸⨴䐀꡼곿僽⡤ꅾ䭷侨BM*㟞넞唬ⴀ桧67.18%䖃♴⣜妃⚹腒肘聽馄㡮ծ⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱/낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ծ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮ㄤ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫL%L-$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲㖈4O%⟄♳կ 2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼07 •㼆✵⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻銻渷剒䎛岌涸⨴䐀꡼곿僽歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧61.94%䖃♴⣜妃⚹✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱/낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ㄤ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫ L%L-$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂3O%կ •շ2O19晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧涸絡雦侨䰘儑爙⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ⡤ꅾ䭷侨BM*㟞넞ծ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ腒肘聽馄㡮ծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ㄤ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂30%կ姼㢪歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂52%㥎䚍 ⟱⚌㹻✌艑絕蒜馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂32%㹡곯䒗䌢㦀猰唬叅涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂24%կ GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 •㼆շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոㄤշ2O22晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոⰖ䋒涸⟱⚌㹻 ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧鵳遤䎃륁ㄤ䚍ⵆ叻⻊絡雦絡雦絕卓儑爙2023䎃⟱⚌㹻剣10고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓叻⻊唬ⴀ桧넞✵2022䎃⺫䭍滚䏀䒗䌢滚䏀Ꞥծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ ⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮ծ䚪胐㔿ꃫ5$㟞넞ㄤ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮瘝꨽銳䒸饰ꅾ錠կ •㖈♶罌贊➃〡䎃륁絕匬ծ㕂㹻⽡欰佟瘻⿺Ⱖ➭䕧ㆇ㔔稇」⸓涸䞔ⲃ♴呏䰘շ2O19晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱ ⚌㹻⡤唬侨䰘㼆⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻鿈ⴔ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧劢勻3䎃」⻊馋⸷鵳遤곫崵կⵌ2026䎃歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧곫雦剣〳腊馄鵂60%䚪胐㔿ꃫ5$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧곫雦剣〳腊馄鵂30%✌艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧곫雦㼜剣〳腊馄鵂50%կ 01 Chapter. GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS -2023- ㄤ絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞 շ2O2涸3晜侨⚥䰘㕂勻⟱彂⚌ծ㹻湡⨴叻䐀➃綁纈淼⛼ո 2023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 09 շ涸2侨02䰘3晜勻⚥彂㕂ㄤ⟱湡⚌叻㹻➃⨴纈䐀綁淼⛼ո շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո䨾ꅷ欽涸絡雦侨䰘勻彂✵2O22䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃9剢3O傈⟱⚌㹻⡤唬侨䰘䎽Ⱏ佐꧋紨1.46♰➃妃կ շ2O19晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոⰟ佐꧋紨5.38 ♰➃妃涸侨䰘2O18䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃9剢3O傈կ 昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬侨䰘㖲ꅷ欽猙剣⻊鿈縭涸⼕毫✻㶸⪰⟄⥂ꥻ⟱⚌㹻侨䰘㸝Ⰼկ 1.46 ⽀⡙♰ 1.20 1.09 0.81 0.83 2019晜2020晜2021晜2022晜2023晜 շ涸2絡02雦3晜ⴔ⚥區㕂絶⟱䏞⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞⺫䭍⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆㄤ䎃륁ⴔ䋒⟱ GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 ⚌㹻涸浓氿ꥥ霄絡雦ⴔ區⟱⚌㹻涸ぐ고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧涸䚪⡤ⴔ䋒ծ䚍ⵆⴔ䋒ㄤ䎃륁 ⴔ䋒⟱⚌㹻涸ぐ고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧⾎䎃嫱㼆ծ馋⸷곫崵ㄤ叻⻊ⴔ區⟱⚌㹻㢴絶䏞⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓翫ざⴔ區կ շ涸2⡤02唬3晜䒗⚥䌢㕂絕⟱卓⚌唬㹻叅⨴고䐀湡綁霹淼僈⛼ո շ2O23晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո呏䰘2O22䎃1O剢1傈荛2O23䎃9剢3O傈⟱⚌㹻⡤唬㤛귬涸絆䧭ㄤぐ고湡涸⿬唬桧鷥䭊✫23고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓鵳遤絡雦絡雦絶䏞⺫䭍䗱過盗碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ծ➿靧ㄤⰻⴔ屲碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ծ嶊⻊禹絡碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ㄤ䚍ⵆ湱Ⱒ涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓瘝կ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸ⴼ㹁叻ⲥㄤⰌ㕂崨遤氻㷖侨䰘⿬罌湱Ⱒ㕂㹻遤⚌叻ⲥծ㕂㹻勉㪭䫣デㄤ⼕㷖䭷⽂瘝կ GREENPAPERONTHEHEALTHOFCHINESEENTREPRENEURS|2023 102023晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞⚥涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬叅고湡霹僈 ⴔ碫 ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓 唬叅고湡 Ⱒ翫氬氻 㢊岤 넞過⾓ ♧菚唬叅 넞過⾓⿺Ⱖ䎇〄氿瘝넞過腒ծ⸓腡礀呋炽⻊ծ 넞過腒ծ⸓腡礀呋炽⻊ծ 䗱過⡤唬盗碫 ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫ 넞過腒ծ⸓腡礀呋炽⻊ծ ず곯㘗⸓⼱腡脪䒗孽䌢ꃑ)D㡮Z㟞곯⸓腡馄㡮곯⸓腡炽礀⻊呋ㄤ炽ⱟ⻊䗱ծ氻䗱瘝 䒗䌢絕卓 넞 ず㘗⼱脪孽ꃑ)DZ 聝哥娥ㄤ腰⼽⚥ 馄I併T-$⿿31䎾跗㟞涯넞 馄併(I$T⿿-$䎾31跗)涯 䗱過盗䗱氬過氻盗⽭氬ꤗ氻涸♧⚡杝用⽭ꤗ䭷叻 瑟艎過祪'#(⼮넞 瑟艎過祪 祪㽶氻祪錠㽶緸氻芘⵸氻劍」ㄤ祪祪㽶㽶氻氻胄氻瘝 !6#$%%&'() ⰻ➿ⴔ靧屲ㄤ碫䒗䌢⡤絕唬卓 祪⻊過紤跗㟞涯넞)C"1D⡤ꅾ䭷侨#.* 祪⻊)過C"紤1D跗涯 祪㽶氻祪錠㽶緸氻芘⵸氻劍」ㄤ祪祪㽶㽶氻氻胄氻瘝 *6+ 㟞넞 ♧菚唬叅 肍胱氿ծ➿靧絾ざ䖄瘝歌朐艑拧ծ歌朐艑㓭胅ㄤ歌朐艑 ⺫,-䭍.馄!/ꅾ01ծ2肍(%胱! 㽶ꃑ6"㟞넞 胄⸆♲고瘝 넞㽶ꃑ過氿ծ汥굥ㄤ胄腮氬氻瘝 嶊⡤⻊唬碫 腒肘聽馄㡮 艎鿈馄㡮瘝 聽紦絶⻊䧴聽炽⻊ 胊屲稇(-17㟞넞䎕꡶轠勍蝒唬崵 胊屲稇(-17䎕꡶轠勍蝒唬崵 胊瓉