Chemicals in Plastics - A Technical Report

CHEMICALSINPLASTICS ATECHNICALREPORT ©2023UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme ISBN:978-92-807-4026-4 JOBNUMBER:DTI/2524/PA Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornon-profitserviceswithoutspecial permissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammewouldappreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationthatusesthispublicationasasource. NouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleoranyothercommercialpurposewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Applications forsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproduction,shouldbeaddressedtotheDirector, CommunicationDivision,UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,unep-communication-director@un.org. Disclaimers ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. MentionofacommercialcompanyorproductinthisdocumentdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeortheauthors.Theuseofinformationfrom thisdocumentforpublicityoradvertisingisnotpermitted.Trademarknamesandsymbolsareusedinaneditorialfashionwithnointentiononinfringementoftrademarkorcopyrightlaws. TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Weregretanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade. ©Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecified Suggestedcitation:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeandSecretariatoftheBasel,RotterdamandStockholmConventions(2023).Chemicalsinplastics:atechnicalreport.Geneva. Production:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)wouldliketothanktheauthorsandreviewerswhohavecontributedtothereport. Authors:RolandWeber(InternationalPanelonChemicalPollution,Switzerland,andPOPsEnvironmentalConsulting,Germany),NarainM.Ashta(ETHZurichandEmpa-SwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnology,Switzerland),NicolòAurisano(TechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark),ZhanyunWang(InternationalPanelonChemicalPollutionandEmpa-SwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnology,Switzerland),MagaliOuttersandKimberleyDeMiguel(MedWaves,UNEP/MAPRegionalActivityCentreforSustainableConsumptionandProductionandStockholmConventionRegionalCentre,Spain),MartinSchlummer(FraunhoferInstituteforProcessEngineeringandPackagingIVV,Germany),MarkusBlepp(BürofürUmweltwissenschaften,Germany),HeleneWiesinger,HelenaAndradeandMartinScheringer(InternationalPanelonChemicalPollutionandETHZurich,Switzerland),PeterFantke(InternationalPanelonChemicalPollution,Switzerland,andTechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark). Acknowledgements:UNEPappreciatesthereviewandinputsprovidedtothereportby:OndrejAdamovsky(ResearchCentreforToxicCompoundsintheEnvironment,CzechRepublic),SamAdu-Kumi(GhanaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency),SimonaBalan(CaliforniaDepartment ofToxicSubstancesControl),LeeBell(InternationalPollutantsEliminationNetwork),LudekBlaha(ResearchCentreforToxicCompoundsintheEnvironment,CzechRepublic),JustinBoucher(FoodPackagingForumFoundation),AlexandraCaterbow(HealthandEnvironmentJusticeSupport),GiuliaCarlini(CenterforInternationalEnvironmentalLaw), AndrésDelCastillo(CenterforInternationalEnvironmentalLaw),SemiaGharbi(AssociationofEnvironmentalEducationforFutureGenerations),StewartHarris(AmericanChemistryCouncil),NicolasHumez(InternationalSolidWasteAssociation),GabrielaMedina(MinistryofEnvironment,Uruguay),HeidiMorka(MinistryofClimateandEnvironment/NorwegianEnvironmentAgency),JaneMuncke(FoodPackagingForumFoundation),ZhaoNana(Basel ConventionRegionalCentreforAsiaandthePacific),LauraNazef(UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency),Hugo-MariaSchally(EuropeanCommission),KateřinaŠebková(ResearchCentreforToxicCompoundsintheEnvironment,CzechRepublic),CharlotteSnyder(UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency),OlgaSperanska(HealthandEnvironmentJusticeSupport),NoriyukiSuzuki(NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,Japan),AnastasiaSwearingen(AmericanChemistryCouncil),HideshigeTakada(TokyoUniversityofAgriculture &Technology),MichelTschirren(FederalOfficefortheEnvironment,Switzerland),PatrickUmuhoza(RwandaEnvironmentManagementAuthority),MelissaWang(GreenpeaceInternational),LisaZimmermann(FoodPackagingForumFoundation). InternalreviewatUNEP:DinaAbdelhakim,SheilaAggarwal-Khan,JacquelineAlvarez,SandraAverous-Monnery,CarlaFriedrich,ClaudiaGiacovelli,AgustinHarte,MonikaG.MacDevette,BrendaKoekkoek,AndreaHinwood,StéphanieLaruelle,AmelieRitscher,HeidiSavelli-Soderberg,MalgorzataStylo,ElisaTonda,KeiOhnoWoodall,TabeaAnnaZwimpfer. Layout,graphicdesign,infographics:LowilEspada,IrinaRoffe(UNOG),MalgorzataStylo UNEPacknowledgesthefinancialsupportfromtheGovernmentofNorway,theGovernmentofSwedenandtheGovernmentofSwitzerland ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS 6PPDp-Phenylenediamine(N-(1,3-