Environmental Rule of Law: Tracking Progress and Charting Future Directions

EnvironmentalRuleofLaw:TrackingProgressandChartingFutureDirections ©2023UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme ISBN:978-92-807-4096-7 Jobnumber:DEL/2587/NA DOI:https://doi.org/10.59117/20500.11822/43943 Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornon-profitserviceswithoutspecialpermissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammewouldappreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationthatusesthispublicationasasource. NouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleoranyothercommercialpurposewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Applicationsforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproduction,shouldbeaddressedtounep-communication-director@un.org. Disclaimers ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorcityorareaoritsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. MentionofacommercialcompanyorproductinthisdocumentdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeortheauthors.Theuseofinformationfromthisdocumentforpublicityoradvertisingisnotpermitted.Trademarknamesandsymbolsareusedinaneditorialfashionwithnointentiononinfringementoftrademarkorcopyrightlaws. TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.Weregretanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenunwittinglymade. ©Maps,photosandillustrationsasspecified Suggestedcitation:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2023).EnvironmentalRuleofLaw:TrackingProgressandChartingFutureDirections.Nairobi.https://doi.org/10.59117/20500.11822/43943. Production:LawDivision UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme P.O.BOX30552,Nairobi,KenyaTel:+254207623365 Email:unep-law-director@un.org URL:https://wedocs.unep.org/20500.11822/43943 www.unep.org Acknowledgments ThisReportwasdevelopedbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)anddraftedbyLydiaSlobodianfromtheGeorgetownUniversityLawCenter;CarlBruchfromtheEnvironmentalLawInstitute;AndriyAndrusevych,ClaudiaS.deWindt,RoseLizaEisma-OsorioandTumaiMurombowithmajorcontributionsfromSusanKathandSamBookmanfromtheCyrusR.VanceCenterforInternationalJustice;MichelleKeen,MichaelMcArdleandThuyFinchfromWhiteandCase;andJacquelinePeel,AlicePalmer,LeeGodden,RebeccaNelsonandBradJessupfromtheUniversityofMelbourne.Inaddition,StephaniaAlvarez,AngelaAmayaArias,SyBaker,LorenaMartínezHernández,TeresaPaterson,AlexanderRamdass,RebeccaRamirez,TaliaShadroui,ElissaTorres-SotoandMeridethWrightprovidedresearchanddraftingassistance. AfinalcriticalreviewoftheReportwasprovidedbystafffromUNEP:PatriciaKameri-Mbote,DirectoroftheLawDivision;ArnoldKreilhuber,DirectoroftheRegionalOfficeforEurope;AndrewRaine,HeadofFrontiersinEnvironmentalLawUnit;MariaSocorroManguiat,DeputyExecutiveSecretaryoftheOzoneSecretariat;Soo-YoungHwang,AllanMeso,AngelaKariuki,AphroditeSmagadi,RenéeGift,AndreaBrusco,GeorginaLloyd,MariannaBolshakova,LegalOfficers;andGarvitaSethi,MarinaVenancioandOliviaBonner,AssociateLegalOfficersaswellasFedericoRossi,internwiththeLawDivision. Inaddition,theReportalsobenefitedfromthereviewandcommentsofexperts,governmentalandnongovernmentalreviewers. Acronyms ACODEAdvocatesCoalitionforDevelopmentandEnvironment ADRAlternativeDisputeResolution AIArtificialIntelligence AISAutomaticIdentificationSystem AJENELAfricaJudicialEducationNetworkonEnvironmentalLaw AMCENAfricanMinisterialConferenceontheEnvironment AMFJNAsociacióndeMagistradosyFuncionariosdelaJusticiaNacional(Argentina’sAssociationofMagistratesandOfficialsoftheNationalJustice) BBNJMarineBiodiversityofAreasBeyondNationalJurisdiction BHRRCBusiness&HumanRightsResourceCentre BLMBlackLivesMatter CBDConventiononBiologicalDiversity CCJCaribbeanCourtofJustice CEDAWConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen CEPALComisiónEconómicaparaAméricaLatina(UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean) CESCRUnitedNationsCommitteeonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights CIELCenterforInternationalEnvironmentalLaw CJEUCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion CMCCrisisEmergencyCommittee COAPIMACoordinationofOrganizationsandArticulationsoftheIndigenousPeoplesofMaranhão CONADEHComisionadoNacionaldelosDerechosHumanos(Honduras’NationalCommissionerforHumanRights) CONAMAConselhoNacionaldoMeioAmbiente(Brazil’sNationalEnvironmentCouncil) CRCConventionontheRightsoftheChild ECLACUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean ECOSOCUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCouncil ECTEnvironmentalCourtsandTribunals EIAEnvironmentalImpactAssessment ELIEnvironmentalLawInstitute EPRExtendedProducerResponsibility FAOFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations FCPFForestCarbonPartnershipFacility FFFFridaysforFuture FGRMFeedbackandGrievanceRedressMechanism FIEFriendsoftheIrishEnvironment FPICFree,PriorandInformedConsent GEFIEOGlobalEnvironmentFacili